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102 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a political party?
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organization that seeks political power by electing people to office that will help party positions and philosophy become public policy.
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What do political parties do?
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organize the competition
unify the electorate help organize government provide loyal opposition |
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define patronage
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the party in power of the White House, governorship or city hall gets to appoint party members as officials or judges
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In politics, what is the "honeymoon"?
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politie interval (period of time) following an election where the opposition does not really criticize the party that controls the White House
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What is an open primary?
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any vote, regardless of party, can participate
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What is a closed primary?
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on person already registered in the party can participate
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what is a party convention?
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a meeting of party delegates chosen by party members in towns and cities.
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What happens at a party convention?
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choose candidates
adopt party platform make party rules celebrate and make speeches |
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How are most party candidates nominated?
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direct primaries
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The US is a primarily a two party democracy, true or false?
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true
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What are the ways a candidate can be nomiated?
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primary
convention caucus primary/convention hybrid |
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what does winner take all mean?
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the political party that receives the most votes gets all the seats on the ballot
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what does proportional representation mean?
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the party gets the number of seats according to the proportion of votes received
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Which method favors minority parties, winner take all or proportional representation?
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proportional representation
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What do Ralph Nadar, George Wallace, Ross Perot and Pat Buchanan have in common?
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They were all minor party/third party candidates for president.
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What have minor parties candidates been organized around historically?
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Candidate
Ideology Issue |
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What does "Grand Old Party" refer to
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Republican Party
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What did the "New Deal" become a basis for
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economic policy: make government expenditures to stimulate the economy.
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What economist supported FDR's economic stimulus policy?
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John Maynard Keynes
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What does the term "divided government" refer to?
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one party has the White House
the opposition controls one or both house of Congress (House or Senate) |
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Name three institutional characteristics of parties
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national party leadership
state and local party participation party platforms |
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The SUPREME AUTHORITY in the party is the...
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party convention
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The TOP OFFICIAL in the party is the...
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national committee chair
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Who is the boss of the national committee chair of the party that controls the White House?
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the president
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Describe party platform
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intentional ambiguous
designed to cover the central positions and bring voters into the party |
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who gets to appoint the chair of the standing committees in Congress?
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the party that controls congress (House and/or Senate)...each house appoints its own leaders and chairs
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the judicial branch of government is supposed to be non partisan, true or false?
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TRUE
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At what level of government does party registration take place?
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STATE
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What party do most people identify with?
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Democrat?
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What party do most non white people identify with?
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Democrat
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What party do most women identify with ?
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Democrat
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What party do most white people identify with?
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?
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What party do most men identify with?
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?
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What legislation restricted soft money at the federal level/
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Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002.
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What did the Supreme Court's decision in Citizens United hold?
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corporations and unions can use general treasury funds to make election-related independent expenditures
disclaimer and disclosure requirements associated with electioneering communications are constitutional |
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What type of contributions increased after the soft money ban?
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corporate
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Which recent court case appears to undercut the concept of "Sunshine is the best disinfectant"?
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Citizens United v. FEC
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Which party has traditionally had better party organization?
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Republican
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What constitutional amendment made senator elected by popular vote?
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17
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What amendment gave women the right to vote?
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19
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What year did women get the right to vote?
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1920
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What did the McGovern Frasier Commission do?
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It pushed the democratic party to be more inclusive in the nominating process...this led to state primaries for presidential candidate and more open, minority participation in the nomination process.
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Federal tax dollars may finance what?
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president, house and senate races
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what happens when no one candidate gets a majority of votes (they get a plurality instead)?
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there is a run off between the top two vote getters and the majority winner of the run off wins the election.
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a politician who can not or will not seek reelection is called a
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LAME DUCK
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What amendment limited the presidency to two tems?
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22
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What is necessary to impose term limits on Congress?
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constitutional amendment
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what is a single member district?
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an electoral district in which voters choose one representative or official
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Single member districts and winner take all voting help minority parties, true or false?
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FALSE
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Why was the electoral college created initially?
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because the framers of the constitution did not trust the people to directly elect the president.
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How do you win the presidency?
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majority of electoral votes
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How many electoral votes does each state have?
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number of seats in house of representative plus two for the senate
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Who chooses the presidency if no candidate wins a majority of the electoral college votes?
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house of representatives
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Which two states do not award all of their electoral votes to the winner of the popular state vote?
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Maine and Nebraska
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Who won the popular vote in 2000?
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Al Gore
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Who won the presidential election in 2000
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George W. Bush
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what is a "safe seat"
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an elected office that is predictably won by one party or another
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What is gerrymandering?
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drawing congressional voting district lines in a way that favors one party winning
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When are congressional districts redrawn?
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once every 10 years
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What is the coattail effect?
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Boost to party candidates from a popular presidential candidate
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Which states hold the first primaries?
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Iowa and New Hampshire
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Which state chooses presidential candidates by the caucus method?
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Iowa
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who gets to be in a presidential debate?
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a candidate that has 15% of the vote in five major polls
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what is soft money?
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money raised in unlimited amounts for party building purposes
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what is hard money?
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money given to candidates in limited amounts and the donor is fully disclosed.
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Who said "Extremism in the defense of liberty is no vice. And moderation in the pursuit of justice is no virtue?
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Barry Goldwater, Republican
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White backlash refers to
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white voters in reacting against liberal policies of mid 1960, especially in the 1968 presidential election.
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What are independent expenditures?
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money spent by individuals or groups NOT ASSOCIATED with candidates to elect or defeat a candidate
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What court case banned soft money and limited issue ads?
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McConnell v. FEC
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What do presidents look for in selecting a vp?
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balance the ticket
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What did Bipartisan Campaign Finance Reform Bill do?
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limit soft money contributions
limit issue ads with candidates name-can not run them 30 days before primary and 60 days before general election |
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What did McConnell v FEC hold?
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ban on corporate sponsored "issue ad" in the Campaign Finance Reform Bill
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What did FEC v. Wisconsin Right to Life hold?
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Made a big exception to McConnell, corporate funding for issue ads was permissible and the ads could run whenever as long as they did not say "vote for" or "vote against"
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What are the soft money limits from the Campaign Finance Reform Bill?
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($2,000) $4,000 per individual candidate contribution
$10,000 total contribution per election cycle |
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What did Buckley v. Valeo hold?
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Individual candidates are not limited in how much of their own money they spend
Congress can limit the amount of money a third party contributes to a campaign. |
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What did the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 and 1974 do?
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disclosure requirements on money received by candidates
disclosure requirement of contributions to influence elections created a tax check off option of $1 per taxpayer for public election financing. |
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What is dealignment?
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moving away from party identification?
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What does "front loading refer to?
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The practice by states of having their primaries early in the presidential election calendar in order to make them more important.
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What does "front runner" refer to?
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politician with the early lead in polling during an election, 'the one to beat"
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what is a "horse race" in politics?
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two or more evenly matched candidates... usually there is a horse race when there is no incumbent.
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What advantages do incumbents have over other candidate?
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money
media franking privileges (mail) good organization in place |
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what is an interest group?
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a group formed around an idea or policy that is focused on getting politicians to support their idea or policy
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What is issue advocacy?
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ads that support a particular position. These ads are often identified with a party or a certain candidate
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What is the libertarian party?
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individual liberties
personal responsibility freedom from government regulation |
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What is the term for a congressman?
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2 years
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What is the term for a senator?
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6 years
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What is the term for the president?
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4 years
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What is a lobbyist?
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a person who works for an association that tries to influence policy and legislation that affects their issue
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How do lobbyist influence policy?
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money and information, contacts and position papers
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What did the McGovern Frasier commission do?
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It
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What is an "open seat"
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no incumbent running
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what is realignment?
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a fundamental shift in voting, usually happens with an historic change. Last realignment was 1932, New Deal.
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What is reapportionment?
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adding or subtracting the number of representatives in Congress based on changes to a state's population.
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what is a recall?
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procedure where votes can remove an elected official through a direct vote
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what is a referendum?
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a direct vote by the people on an initiative that originated in the state legislature
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What is an initiative?
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the means by which a petition acquire enough votes to have the initiative voted on directly on a ballot...pure form of direct voting.
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What is redistricting?
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Redistricting is the state drawing of electoral boundaries. Political process.
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What did Bipartisan Campaign Finance Reform Bill do?
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limit soft money contributions
limit issue ads with candidates name-can not run them 30 days before primary and 60 days before general election |
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What did McConnell v FEC hold?
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ban on corporate sponsored "issue ad" in the Campaign Finance Reform Bill
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What did FEC v. Wisconsin Right to Life hold?
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Made a big exception to McConnell, corporate funding for issue ads was permissible and the ads could run whenever as long as they did not say "vote for" or "vote against"
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What are the soft money limits from the Campaign Finance Reform Bill?
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($2,000) $4,000 per individual candidate contribution
$10,000 total contribution per election cycle |
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What did Buckley v. Valeo hold?
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Individual candidates are not limited in how much of their own money they spend
Congress can limit the amount of money a third party makes to a campaign. |
