Ap Music Theory Vocabulary.db

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Cadence

Back 1

A stylized close in music which divides the music into periods or brings it to a full conclusion.

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Coda

Back 2

The closing few measures of a composition, usually not a part of the main theme groups of the standard form of a composition, but a finishing theme added to the end to give the composition closure; in sonata form, the coda is anything that occurs after the recapitulation.

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Cadential Extension

Back 3

the prolongation (post-cadential extension) or delay (pre-cadential extension) of a cadence by the addition of material beyond (i.e. before or after) the point at which the cadence is expected

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Codetta

Back 4

A passage within a composition of sonata form which resembles a coda, but occurs at the end of the exposition rather than at the end of the composition.

In a fugue, a codetta is the linking passage between the entries of the subject or theme.

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Countermelody

Back 5

A second but subordinate melodic line sometimes found in music which has a melody and an accompaniment.

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Elision

Back 6

the shortening of a theme or phrase by removing particular notes; see also 'interpolation'

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Fragment

Back 7

a small part, particularly a part broken off

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Introduction

Back 8

A preparatory movement, usually in a slow tempo to introduce a larger composition. The term is chiefly applied to Classical and Romantic music, but is not exclusively applicable to those eras.

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Bridge

Back 9

Transitional passage connecting two sections of a composition.

That part of a stringed instrument which supports the strings.

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Chorus

Back 10

A fairly large company of singers who perform together, usually in parts.

A composition to be performed by a chorus.

The refrain of a song.

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12 Bar Blues

Back 11

I,I,I,I,IV,IV,I,I,V,V,IV,IV,I

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Conjunct

Back 12

the nearest degree in the scale, whether the scale is chromatic or diatonic, to a given degree

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Diminution

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(English, German f) when a melody played in such a way that the time value of every note is shortened, generally halved, in value. Its antonym is ' augmentation'

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Disjunct Motion

Back 14

motion or movement where the notes in a melody move in leaps, intervals greater than a tone, rather than from note to neighbouring notes only a semitone or tone different

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Disjunct Interval

Back 15

also 'disjoint interval' or 'skip', a melodic interval between two notes that are not immediate neighbours in a diatonic scale

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Fragmentation

Back 16

breaking up a subject into small segments, any one of which may form the basis for further development

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Literal Repetition

Back 17

Note by note restatement; exactly the same

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Octave Displacement

Back 18

Octave displacement is simply taking a melodic line and moving some of the notes into a different octave.

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Retrograde

Back 19

A series of notes played backwards. Retrograde inversion is a series of notes played backwards and upside-down. Both of these are essential in twelve-tone music.

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Sequence

Back 20

A restatement of an idea or motif at a different pitch level from the original.

A progression of chords which ends in a cadence.

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Sequential Repetition

Back 21

Transposing an entire melody to a different scale degree

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Shortened Version

Back 22

dude idk

Front 23

Transposition

Back 23

Shifting a composition to a different pitch level.

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Truncation

Back 24

Cutting off note(s) in a phrase with regard to the original statement

http://www.northern.edu/wieland/theory/rhythm/motive_t.htm

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Contour

Back 25

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Front 26

Turnaround

Back 26

Mr. Hilton snaps

Front 27

Augmentation

Back 27

Statement of a melody in longer note values, often twice as slow as the original.

http://www.music.vt.edu/musicdictionary/texta/images/Augmentation.jpg

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Extended Version

Back 28

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Front 29

Internal Expansion

Back 29

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Motivic Transformation

Back 30

Augmentation, Diminution, Truncation, Retrograde, Extension

Umbrella term which includes the above terms.

Better definition?

Front 31

Rhythmic Transformation

Back 31

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Front 32

Shortened Version

Back 32

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Front 33

Motive

Back 33

A short tune or musical figure that characterizes and unifies a composition. It can be of any length, but is usually only a few notes long. A motif can be a melodic, harmonic or rhythmic pattern that is easily recognizable throughout the composition.

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Period

Back 34

A complete musical thought, concluded by a cadence, having two phrases, each usually two to eight measures in length, called the antecedent and the consequent.

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Antecedent

Back 35

The subject of a fugue or canon; the first phrase of a musical period.

Antecedent and consequent, A pair of musical statements that complement one another in rhythmic symmetry and harmonic balance.

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Consequent

Back 36

The answer in a fugue, or point of imitation. A musical phrase which follows another, similar phrase. In a musical period, the antecedent and consequent are two balancing halves, somewhat like a rhymed couplet in poetic verse, with the movement of the first half completed by the second.

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Contrasting Period

Back 37

In the contrasting period, the second phrase is comprised of different melodic material.

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Parallel Period

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In the parallel period, the second phrase is similar to the first phrase.

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Double Period

Back 39

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Phrase group

Back 40

Group of phrases?

Front 41

Refrain

Back 41

A verse which repeats throughout a song or poem at given intervals.

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Binary form

Back 42

Two-part (A - B) structure of music; usually each part is repeated. The term can also mean any form with two periods, or sections.

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Ternary

Back 43

A compositional form which consists of three major sections, an A section which states the thematic material, a B section which presents a contrasting theme, and a final A section which restates the opening thematic material. Also, any three part form.

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Rounded binary

Back 44

ccasionally, the B section will end with a "return" of the opening material from the A section. This is referred to as rounded binary, and is labeled as ABA'. In rounded binary, the beginning of the B section is sometimes referred to as the "bridge", and will usually conclude with a half cadence in the original key. Rounded binary is not to be confused with ternary form, also labeled ABA - the difference being the B section in ternary form is completely contrasting with the A material, as in, for example, a minuet and trio.

Front 45

Stanza

Back 45

The division of a poem that consists of a series of lines arranged together. This is usually in the form of a recurring pattern of meter and rhyme. In music, a stanza, or verse, is a poem set with a recurring pattern of both rhyme and meter. A "strophic" song (as opposed to a "through-composed" song) has several stanzas or verses set to music that remains the same or similar with each stanza. Many hymns follow this pattern.

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Strophic

Back 46

Song structure in which every verse (strophe) of the text is sung to the same musical tune.

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Theme

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The musical basis upon which a composition is built. Usually a theme consists of a recognizable melody or a characteristic rhythmic pattern. The theme may sometimes be called the subject.

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Thematic Transformation

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Musical expansion of a theme achieved by varying its melodic outline, its harmony, or its rhythm.

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Through-composed

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Song form that is composed from beginning to end without repetitions of any major sections; each verse having its own, unique melody.

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Tutti

Back 50

A directive to perform a certain passage of a composition with all instruments together. The opposite of solo.

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Variation

Back 51

A deviation from a theme that uses the same bass pattern or harmonic progression that the theme used, and usually having the same number of measures as the theme. Generally, a variation is played after a theme with the variation being slightly more ornate; in several cases there are many variations upon a single theme. Variations are often used as accompaniments to songs that are several verses long, or as dance music. In both cases, the repeating structure is beneficial to the nature of the function.

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Verse

Back 52

1. Solo passage from the Gradual which precedes the response. See respond.
2. In poetry or song, a verse is a group of lines which constitutes a unit. Often there are several verses in a single text, and usually the rhyme scheme, rhythm, and number of poetic lines and feet are the same from verse to verse in a single text.