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84 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Allusion
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reference to a well-known historical or literary event, person, or work
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Attitude
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a speaker's, author's, or character's disposition toward or opinion of a subject
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Details
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specific items or parts that make up a larger picture or story
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Devices of Sound
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techniques of deploying the sounds of words, especially in poetry, such as rhyme, alliteration, assonance, consonance, and onomatopoeia
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Diction
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word choice --any word that is important to the meaning and the effect of a passage
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Epiphany
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a sudden realization by the reader and/or a character of the true nature of a person, place, object, or situation (near end of work
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Figurative Language
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figures of speech, such as metaphor, simile, and irony etc.
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Imagery
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sensory details such as visual, auditory, or tactile images evoked by the words of a literary work; also used to apply to figures of speech
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Irony
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a figure of speech in which intent and actual meanign differ: verbal, situational, dramatic
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Metaphor
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a figurative use of language in which comparison is expressed without the use of comparative term like "as," "like," or "than"
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Narrative Techniques
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methods involved in telling a story such as point of view, manipulation of time, manipulation of pace, dialogue, or interior monologue, etc.
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Point of View
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any of several possible vantage points from which a story is told: 1st person, 3rd person objective, limited omniscient Persona: the mask or voice of the author or author's creation in a work when the narrator is in the 1st person
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Resources of language
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a general phrase for the linguistic devices or techniques that a writer can use such as style, rhetoric, diction, syntax, figurative language, imagery, etc.
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Rhetoric
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the science of literary composition, especially prose; the combination of syntax and diction to create effective writing
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Rhetorical techniques
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the devices used in effective or persuasive language; some of the many techniques include: contrast, repetition, parallelism, paradox, understatement, sarcasm, rhetorical question etc.
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Satire
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writing that seeks to arouse a reader's disapproval of an object by ridicule with an eye to correcting vice and folly
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Strategy (or rhetorical strategy)
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the management of language for the specific effect; the planned placing of elements to achieve an effect
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Structure
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the arrangement of materials within a work; the relationship of the parts of a work to the whole; the logical divisions of a work. The most common principles are series (A,B,C,D,E), contrast (A vs. B, C vs. D, E vs. A), and repetition (AA, BB, AB)
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Setting
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the physical location of a play, story, or novel; usually includes both time and place
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Style
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the characteristic manner of expression of an author; examples of elements to discuss include diction, syntax, figurative language, imagery, selection of detail, sound effects, and tone
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Symbol
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something that is simultaneously itself and a sign of something else
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Syntax
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the structure of a sentence; the arrangement of words in a sentence; elements to be considered include: length or brevity; kinds of sentences (questions, exclamations etc.; periodic or loose sentences; simple complex, compound etc.)
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Theme
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the main thought expressed by a work; sometimes the questions ask for the "meaning of the work"
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Tone
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the manner in which an author expresses his or her attitude; the intonation of the voice that expresses meaning. Tone is described by adjectives. The tone may shift within the selection, and the student is expected to note the shift. Tone is the result of allusion, diction, figurative language, imagery, irony, symbol, syntax, style etc.
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Allegory
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a story in which people, things, and events have another meaning
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Ambiguity
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multiple meanings, especially two meanings that are incompatible
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Antithesis
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a direct contrast of structurally parallel word groupings, generally for the purpose of contrast: ie. sink or swim
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Apostrophe
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direct address, usually to someone or something that is not present
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Coonotation
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the implications of a word or phrase, as opposed to its exact or literal meaning
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Convention
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a device of style or subject matter so often used that it becomes a recognized means of expression
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Denotation
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the dictionary meaning of a word, as opposed to the connotation of a word
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Didactic
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explicitly instructive
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Digression
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the use of material unrelated to the subject of a work
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Epigram
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a pithy saying, often using contrast; also a verse form, usually brief and pointed
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Grotesque
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characterized by distortions or incongruities
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Hyperbole
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deliberate exaggeration, overstatement without the intention of being accepted literally
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Jargon
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the special language of a profession or group; usually has pejorative associations with the implication that jargon is evasive, tedious, and unintelligible to outsiders
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Literal
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not figurative; accurate to the letter
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Lyrical
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songlike; characterized by emotion, subjectivity, and imagination
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Meiosis
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the opposite of hyperbole; it is a kind of irony that deliberately represents something as being must less than it really is: ie. "I could probably manage on $5,000,000 a year."
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Oxymoron
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a combination of opposites; the union of contradictory terms into a single expression ie. sweet sorrow
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Parable
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a story designed to suggest a principle, illustrate a moral, or answer a question; allegorical stories
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Paradox
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a statement that seems to be self-contradicting but, in fact, is true ie. The more you know, the more you you don't know
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Parody
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a composition that imitates the style of another composition, normally for comic effect
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Personification
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a figurative use of language which endows the nonhuman with human characteristics
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Reliability
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a quality of some fictional narrators whose word the reader can trust; there are both reliable and unreliable narrators
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Rhetorical question
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a question asked for effect, not in expectation of a reply because the question presupposes only one possible answer
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Soliloquy
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a speech in which a character who is alone speaks his or her thoughts aloud
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Stereotype
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a conventional pattern, expression, character, or idea
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Syllogism
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a form of reasoning in which two statements are made and a conclusion is drawn from them
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Thesis
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the theme, meaning, or position that a writer undertakes to prove or support
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Alliteration
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the repetition of identical or similar consonant sounds, normally at the beginning of words
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Assonance
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the repetition of identical or similar vowel sounds
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Ballad meter
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a four-line stanza rhymed abcd with four feet in lines 1 and 3 and three feet in lines 2 and 4
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Blank Verse
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unrhymed iambic pentameter
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Caesura
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a pause within a line of poetry, usually marked by a piece of punctuation
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Dactyl
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a metrical foot composed of an accented syllable followed by two unaccented syllables
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End-stopped
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a line of poetry with a pause at the end of the line
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Enjambement/enjambment
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a line of poetry which runs on into the next line because it has no punctuation at the end of the first line
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Free Verse
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poetry which is not written in a traditional meter but is still rhythmical
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Heroic couplet
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two-end stopped iambic pentameter lines rhymed aa, bb, cc, with the thought usually completed in the two-line unit
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Hexameter
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a line containing six feet
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Iamb
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a metrical foot composed of an unaccented syllable followed by an accented syllable; the most common foot in English poetry
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Internal Rhyme
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rhyme that occurs within a line, rather than at the end
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Onomatopoeia
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the use of words whose sound suggest their meaning
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Pentameter
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a line containing five feet
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Rhyme royal
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a seven-line stanza of iambic pentameter rhymed ababbcc, used by Chaucer and other medieval poets
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Simile
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a direct comparison using 'like' or 'as'
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Sonnet
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a fourteen-line iambic pentameter poem
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Stanza
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usually a repeated grouping of three or more lines with the same meter and rhyme scheme
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Terza rima
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a three-line stanza rhymed aba, bcb, cdc
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Tetrameter
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a line of four feet
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Antecedent
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that which goes before, especially the word, phrase, or clause to which a pronoun refers
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Clause
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a group of words containing a subject and its verb that may or may not be a complete stenence
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Ellipsis
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the omission of a word or several words necessary for a complete construction that is still understandable
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Indicative
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the mood that makes a factual statement
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Imperative
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the mood of a verb that gives an order
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Modify
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to restrict or limit in meaning; adjectives modify nouns
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Parallel structure
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a similar grammatical structure within a sentence or within a paragraph
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Periodic sentence
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a sentence which is grammatically complete only at the end; a LOOSE SENTENCE: is grammatically complete before the period
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subjunctive
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the mood of a verb that expresses a condition contrary to fact
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Voice
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the use of active or passive voice
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Conceit
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An elaborate metaphor, using elements of science or mathematics to point to a striking parallel between two seemingly dissimilar things; used by the metaphysical poets.
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syntax
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the structure of a sentence
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