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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name the two causes of myocardial ischemia.
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1. Impairment of coronary flow.
2. Elevated myocardial oxygen demand |
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Explain what happens to ATP during cardiac ischemia.
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oxidative phosphorylation can't proceed because of a lack of oxygen so ATP production and myocardial contractility drops
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What are free radicals?
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particles released after a cardiac ischemia that can damage myocardial tissue
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What is myocardial infarction?
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myocardial cell death due to prolonged cardiac ischemia
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Name 4 diagnosis tools of myocardial infarction.
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1. Clinical signs and history
2. ECG analysis 3. Protein markers 4. Imaging |
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Name the 3 hemodynamic consequences of a heart attack.
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1. Cardiac output decreases.
2. Venous pressure and right atrial pressure increase. 3. Arterial pressure drops |
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Name the 5 sympathetic responses to a heart attack.
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1. Heart rate increases.
2. Healthy muscle beats more forcefully. 3. Vasoconstriction 4. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation 5. Release of epinephrine |
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What happens if sympathetic activation isnt enough to correct cardiac ouput?
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Decompensation
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Describe the effects of decompensation.
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Retention of fluid by the kidneys.
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What are "rales"
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The sounds heard by a doctor when examining edemic lungs?
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When does cardiogenic shock occur?
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When more than 40% of the myocardium has undergone myocardial infarction.
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What happens when the left ventricle fails?
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Rise in blood pressure in the pulmonary circuit...which in turn causes pulmonary edema.
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What happens when the right ventricle fails?
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peripheral edema...rise in venous pressure
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Name 3 different types of interventions used to restore the Supply-Demand mismatch after a heart attack.
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1. Reduction of Myocardial Oxygen Demand.
2. Increasing Coronary Flow: Reperfusion Strategies. 3. Medication |
