A&p Larynx/phonology

Front 1

Abductor Muscles

Back 1

Posterior Cricoarytenoids

Front 2

Adductor Muscles

Back 2

Lateral Cricoarytenoid (LCA)
Transverse Arytenoid
Oblique Arytenoid

Front 3

Infrahyoid muscles

Back 3

Sternohyoid
Omohyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid Muscles

Front 4

Lateral Cricoarytenoids

Back 4

Origin- side of cricoid cartilidge
Insertion- muscular process of arytenoid
Function- contraction causes vocal process of arytenoids to move together

Front 5

Oblique Arytenoid

Back 5

origin-lower posterior surface of one arytnoid

Front 6

Posterior Cricoarytenoids

Back 6

Origin - posterior cricoid
Insertion - muscular process of arytenoid
Function- contraction causes arytenoids to ROCK, opening the VF's

Front 7

Suprahyoid Muscles

Back 7

Diagastric Muscles
Geniohyoid
Mylohoyoid
Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
Styloyoid

Front 8

Transverse Arytenoid

Back 8

origin - posterior surface of one arytenoid
insertion- apex and lateral side of other arytenoid
function - draws arytenoids together

Front 9

Vocal Fold Tensor Muscle

Back 9

Thyroarytnoid Muscles
Cricothyroid Muscles

Front 10

list the 3 single cartilages of the larynx

Back 10

cricoid, thyroid, epiglottic

Front 11

list the 3 paired cartilages of the larynx

Back 11

arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform

Front 12

most inferior cartilage of the larynx and forms a complete circle

Back 12

cricoid

Front 13

during swallowing the larynx moves

Back 13

superior and anterior via the extrinsic muscles

Front 14

attachements to the cricoid

Back 14

posterior crico-arytenoid muscles, esophagus, other cartilage

Front 15

largest cartilage of the larynx

Back 15

thyroid

Front 16

superior horns of the thyroid cartilage articulate with the

Back 16

hyoid bone

Front 17

inferior horns of the thyroid cartilage articulate with the

Back 17

cricoid cartilage

Front 18

leaf shaped structure attached to the thyroid

Back 18

epiglottis

Front 19

what is the name of the ligament that attaches the epiglottis to the thyroid

Back 19

thyro-epiglottic ligament

Front 20

attachments to the arytenoid cartilage

Back 20

crico-arytenoid muscles, vocal ligaments, vestibular ligaments

Front 21

attachments to the corniculate cartilage

Back 21

ligamentos attachment for extra leverage

Front 22

attachements to the cuneiform cartilage

Back 22

suspended in fibroelastic membrane that attaches the arytenoid to the epiglottis

Front 23

this ligament attaches to the anterior surface of the epiglottis to the hyoid bone

Back 23

hyo-epiglottis ligament

Front 24

divisions of the laryngeal cavity

Back 24

vestibule, middle part, infraglottic space

Front 25

the upper chamber of the laryngeal cavity between the laryngeal inlet and vestibular folds?

Back 25

vestibule

Front 26

this space is between the vestibular and vocal folds

Back 26

middle part of the laryngeal cavity

Front 27

triangular space between the true/vocal folds

Back 27

rima glottidis

Front 28

adducts the arytenoid cartilage and is attatched to the posterior surface of arytenoid caritlages

Back 28

transverse arytenoid muscle (recurrent laryngeal)

Front 29

run lateral and parallel with each vocal ligament and adjust the tension in vocal folds

Back 29

vocalis muscles (recurrent laryngeal)

Front 30

these muscles shorten and relax the vestibular and vocal ligaments; can act as a sphincter to the vestibule

Back 30

thyro-arytenoid muscles on the vocal and vestibular ligaments

Front 31

Which cranial nerve supplies innervation to all of the muscles of the larynx including the vocal cords?

Back 31

CN X, the vagus nerve

Front 32

Is the cricothyroid an intrinsic or extrinsic laryngeal muscle?

Back 32

It is an extrinsic laryngeal muscle

Front 33

Cartilages:

Back 33

1. corniculate-pinched off portion of arytenoid cartilage, but considered a separate cartilage
2. cuneiform-lies along aryepiglottic fold
3. arytenoid cartilage

Front 34

Thyrohyoid memebrane:

Back 34

*attahces hyoid bone to thyroid cartilage
*pierced by internal laryngeal nerve and superior laryngeal artery

**hyoid bone has a body and 2 projections: lesser horn extending superiorly and greater horn

Front 35

Epiglottis

Back 35

1. pear/leaf-shaped, elastic cartilage, doesn't ossify
2. attached to thyroid cartilage inferiorly and tongue superiorly through glossoepiglottic folds

Front 36

3 paired cartilages:

Back 36

1. cuneiform: elastic, club-shaped
*lies in area of epiglottic fold and does not contact other cartilages

2. corniculate: elastic cartilage perched on top of arytenoid

3. arytenoid: pyramid shaped, hyaline cartilage attached by base on cricoid cartilage
*3 processes: superior (extends to apex), muscular (muscles attach), vocal (vocal ligament attaches)
*medial surface is only surface muscles don't attach
*slide back and forth across, laterally, medially, and horizontally/back and forth in AP direction/ also rotates
*much movement needed b/c intrinsic muscles attached here/influence speech

**muscles arise from superior part of cricoid arch and posterior part of cricoid lamina

Front 37

Vocal folds:

Back 37

2 vocal folds:

1. true folds: inferior
2. vestibular, or false, folds
3. ventricle: space between true and false folds

Front 38

Spaces between vocal folds:

Back 38

. Rima glottidis: space between 2 vocal folds on either side
2. rima vestibuli: space between 2 vestibular folds

Front 39

Muscles: Extrinsic

Back 39

1. suprahyoid muscles:
a) stylohyoid
b) digastrics
c) mylohyoid
d) geniohyoid

*suprahyoids elevate larynx adn trachea, important in 1st phase of swallowing (voluntary); pull on hyoid, which attaches to thyroid cartilage

2. infrahyoids: strap muscles

*infrahyoid muscles depress larynx and trachea-happens when sing a low note

Front 40

Intrinsic muscles:

Back 40

1. posterior cricoarytenoid:
a) arises from posterior surface cricoid carilage lamina
b) attaches to muscular process arytenoid cartilages
c) abducts vocal folds, important in strong respiration (*could be most important muscle in body)

2. Lateral cricoarytenoid:
a) chief antagonist of posterior cricoarytenoid
b) arises from superior part of arch and some lamina and extends back to muscular process
c) adducts vocal folds

Sphincters of rima glottidis and aditus:
1. Inner arytenoidus:
a) runs between one arytenoids cartilage to another
b) only unpaired muscle of larynx
c) contraction brings arytenoids cartilages together
d) transverse filbers are deeper than oblique
e) obliques fibers run from muscular process of arytenoid cartilage to apex of other; bring together
f) oblique fibers continue and form a substance of aryepiglottic fold called aryepiglotticus-usually not well developed but contractions pulls epiglottis back
**transverse and oblique arytenoidus pull vocal folds together. also, oblique fibers pull epiglottis posteriorly

2. cricothyroidL tensor of vocal cord
b) inserts into inferior horn and inferior border of thyroid cartilage
c) pulls thyroid cartilage down and tenses or lengthens vocal ligament

3. Thyroarytenoideus:
a) antagonist of cricothyroid, so relaxes vocal ligament
b) runs from posterior aspect of thyroid cartilage to arytenoid cartilage
c) most medial fibers make up vocalis muscle

3. vocalis: inserts and arises along the entire length of vocal ligament; used in whispering