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3 Cards in this Set
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Ad Hominem |
A general category of fallacies in which a claim or argument is rejected on the basis of some irrelevant fact about the author or of the person presenting the claim or argument; logical fallacy that involves a personal attack.
Types of Ad Hominem--
1) The personal or abusive ad hominem alleges bad character for veracity, or bad moral character generally. Ex. Attacking the traits of an opponent.
2) The circumstantial ad hominem alleges a practical inconsistency between the person and his or her circumstances. Ex. An attack based on a source.
3) A third type of ad hominem, the bias or "poisoning the well" variant, alleges that the person has a hidden agenda or something to gain and is therefore not an honest or objective arguer.
4) Guilt by association. Ex. that person is guilty because they are associated with _________.
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Allegory |
A form of extended metaphor in which objects, persons, and actions in a narrative, are equated with the meanings that lie outside the narrative itself. The underlying meaning has moral, social, religious, or political significance, and characters are often personifications of abstract ideas such as charity, greed, or envy. Thus an allegory is a story with two meanings, a literal meaning and a symbolic meaning. Ex. Animal Farm by George Orwell, Pilgrim's Progress by John Bunyan. |
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