Ap Language And Composition Matching

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Syllogism

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A three-part logical argument: a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion.

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Either-or Argument

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Logical fallacy that occurs when the speaker limits the audience to two diametrically opposed choices, creating a false dilemma.

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Transcendentalism

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19th century utopian intellectual movement that stressed individualism and man's essential goodness as well as a belief in the natural unity of the universe that lay outside the corrupting institutions of society.

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Ad Hominem Argument

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Ethical fallacy that involves criticizing the person making the argument, rather than the argument itself.

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Enthymeme

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When writers or speakers leave out one of the premises in their arguments, a common rhetorical practice. The resulting form of argument is one in which one of the premises remains unstated.

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Non Sequitur

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Logical fallacy in which the conclusion does not follow logically from the premise.

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Strawman Argument

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Logical fallacy that occurs when the speaker deliberately oversimplifies or caricatures the opponent's position in order to weaken it for purposes of winning the debate.

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Ethos

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Rhetorical appeal to the shared beliefs and values of the audience as well as the rhetor's moral standing and persona.

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Deductive Reasoning

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A type of logical argument that argues from the general premise to the specific instance, taking a top-down approach.

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Pathos

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Rhetorical appeal to the audience's emotions.

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Inductive Reasoning

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Logical argument that considers individual, specific cases first and then infers the general principle that governs them: a bottom-up approach.

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Logos

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Rhetorical appeal to reason.

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Romance

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Literary genre marked by and intricate plot, hidden identities, separated lovers, and chance-often supernatural-events.

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Allegory

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Narrative in prose or verse that operates on two levels simultaneously-the literal and the figurative-and often dramatizes abstract and moral concepts.

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Allusion

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Passing reference in a literary work to something outside the work that the author expects the reader to recognize, such as another work, a biblical figure, or historical event.

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Bandwagon Appeal

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Emotional fallacy in which the speaker attempts to persuade the audience dishonestly by playing on the human desire to fit in.

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Rhetoric

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The art of persuasion.

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Gothic Romance

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Type of fiction that develops an atmosphere of gloom and terror, featuring suffering innocent heroines, sensation and supernatural occurrences, and castles or houses with subterranean passages.

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Diction

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Writer or speaker's choice of language.

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Tone

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Author's attitude towards his or her subject matter, conveyed through selection of diction and detail.

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Euphemism

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Use of a palliative or soothing word or phrase to discuss something unpleasant

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Periodic Sentence

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Basic sentence that adds details before the major sentence elements-the subject, verb, and complement are delayed

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Loose (Cumulative) Sentence

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Basic sentence that adds details immediately after the basic sentence elements-subject, verb, and complement.

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Jargon

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Specialized language of a specific group, such as medical terminology or bureaucratese.

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Hyperbole

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Trope: the use of overstatement

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Catalogue

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Traditional epic device consisting of a long rhetorical list of inventory.

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Chiasmus/Antimetabole

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Repetition of grammatical structures and ideas, often of exact words, in successive clause in inverted order (a sentence pattern ABBA)

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Antithesis

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Juxtaposition of contrasting ideas in parallel structure.

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Anaphora

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Repetition of same word or group of words at the beginning of successive clauses or phrases.

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Climbing the Ladder

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Rhetorical scheme involving climax and anadiplosis together.

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Synecdoche

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Trope: The substitution of the part for the whole or the whole to the part.

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Metonymy

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Trope: a reference to something or someone by way of its attributes or by something with which it is commonly associated.