Ap Lang Exam

Front 1

Appositive Phrase

Back 1

Noun or noun phrase that tells you something about a nearby noun or pronoun

Front 2

Prepositional Phrase

Back 2

Contains a preposition, a noun, and an adjective
Usually tells when or where

Front 3

Participial Phrase

Back 3

Phrase starts with a verb ending in -ing or -ed or -en

Front 4

Gerund Phrase

Back 4

Verb ending in -ing and functions as a noun

Front 5

Infinitive Phrase

Back 5

"to" + a verb

Front 6

Absolute Phrase

Back 6

Modifier missing an auxiliary verb (was, were)

Front 7

Independent Clause

Back 7

Stand alone as a complete sentence

Front 8

Subordinate Clause

Back 8

Cannot stand alone as a complete sentence

Front 9

Coordination Conjunction

Back 9

FANBOYS joining sentences

Front 10

Subordination Conjunction

Back 10

If added, makes the sentence subordinate
ex. After, before, though, even if, because

Front 11

Modifier

Back 11

Comes immediately before the word/phrase being modified

Front 12

Misplaced Modifier

Back 12

A modifier in the wrong place in a sentence

Front 13

Dangling Modifier

Back 13

Does not sensibly modify anything in the sentence

Front 14

Alliteration

Back 14

Repetition of the same sound beginning several words in sequence

Front 15

Allusion

Back 15

Brief reference to a person, event, or a place, real or fictitious, or to a work of art

Front 16

Analogy

Back 16

A comparison between two things

Front 17

Anaphora

Back 17

Repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, or lines

Front 18

Antimetabole

Back 18

Repetition of words in reverse order

Front 19

Antithesis

Back 19

Opposition or contrast of ideas or words in a balanced or parallel construction

Front 20

Apostrophe

Back 20

A figure of speech in which the writer addressed things that cannot reply, such as inanimate objects or ideas

Front 21

Asyndeton

Back 21

Omission of conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words

Front 22

Hortative Sentence

Back 22

Sentence that exhorts, advises, calls to action

Front 23

Imperative Sentence

Back 23

Sentence used to command, enjoin, implore, or entreat

Front 24

Juxtaposition

Back 24

Placement of two things closely together to emphasize comparisons or contrasts

Front 25

Metaphor

Back 25

Figure of speech that says one thing is another in order to explain by comparison

Front 26

Metonymy

Back 26

Using a single feature to represent the whole

Front 27

Motif

Back 27

A repeating / dominate idea

Front 28

Oxymoron

Back 28

Paradoxial juxtaposition of words that seem to contradict one another

Front 29

Personification

Back 29

Attribution of a life like quality to an inanimate object or idea

Front 30

Rhetorical Question

Back 30

Figure of speech in form of a question - for effect

Front 31

Zeugma

Back 31

Use of two different words in a grammatically similar way but producing different meanings

Front 32

Anecdote

Back 32

A short, amusing story about a real incident/person

Front 33

Hyperbole

Back 33

Exaggeration

Front 34

Irony

Back 34

An event that is contrary to what one expects

Front 35

Paradox

Back 35

A statement that contradicts itself and yet might be true

Front 36

Understatement

Back 36

The presentation of something being smaller, worse, or less important than it actually is

Front 37

Ad Hominem

Back 37

Attacking the person of a source

Front 38

Appeal to Ignorance

Back 38

Arguing that a claim is true just because it has not been shown to be false

Front 39

Appeal to Pity

Back 39

Argument for special treatment

Front 40

Ad Populum

Back 40

Everybody is doing it

Front 41

Affirming the Consequent

Back 41

A deductive mistake of the form "if p then q. q. therefore, p."

Front 42

Begging the Question (Circular Argument)

Back 42

Using conclusion as premise

Front 43

Complex Question

Back 43

Posing a question that people cannot agree or disagree without committing themselves to something else

Front 44

Denying the Antecedent

Back 44

A deductive mistake of the form "if p then q. not p. therefore, not q."

Front 45

Equivocation

Back 45

Sliding from one meaning of a term in the middle of an argument

Front 46

False Cause

Back 46

Generic term for any questionable conclusion about cause and effect

Front 47

False Dilemma

Back 47

Reducing the options to only two

Front 48

Loaded Language

Back 48

Language that primarily plays on the emotions

Front 49

Non Sequitur

Back 49

Drawing a conclusion that does not follow the evidence

Front 50

Overgeneralizing

Back 50

Generalizing from too few examples

Front 51

Persuasive Definition

Back 51

Defining a term in a way that may seem to be straightforward but that is in fact loaded

Front 52

Poisoning the Well

Back 52

Using loaded language to disparage an argument before even mentioning it

Front 53

Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc (Post Hoc Fallacy)

Back 53

Assuming causation too readily on the basis of mere succession in time

Front 54

Red Herring

Back 54

Introducing an irrelevant subject and diverting attention away from the main subject

Front 55

Straw Man

Back 55

A caricature of an opposing view, exaggerated from what anyone is really likely to hold

Front 56

Vehement

Back 56

Impassioned, intense anger/violent

Front 57

Admonitory

Back 57

Giving warning

Front 58

Belligerent

Back 58

Hostile and aggressive

Front 59

Callous

Back 59

Showing disregard for others

Front 60

Caustic

Back 60

Sarcastic in a bitter way

Front 61

Choleric

Back 61

Extremely irritable or easily angered

Front 62

Contemplative

Back 62

Prolonged thought

Front 63

Contemptuous

Back 63

Scornful and intolerant

Front 64

Obsequious

Back 64

Obedient or attentive to an excessive servile degree

Front 65

Didactic

Back 65

Intended to teach, moral instruction sometimes for an ulterior motive

Front 66

Droll

Back 66

Amusing in an odd way; whimsically humorous; waggish

Front 67

Facetious

Back 67

Not meant to be taken seriously or literally; sarcasm

Front 68

Fervent

Back 68

Having or showing great warmth or intensity or spirit, feeling, enthusiasm, etc.

Front 69

Genial

Back 69

Warmly and pleasantly cheerful

Front 70

Insolent

Back 70

Showing a rude and arrogant lack of respect

Front 71

Audacious

Back 71

Extremely bold or daring; recklessly brave; fearless

Front 72

Manipulative

Back 72

To control or play upon by artful, unfair, or insidious means especially to one's own advantage

Front 73

Morose

Back 73

Sullen, depressed, ill tempered

Front 74

Ominous

Back 74

Portending evil or harm; foreboding; threatening; inauspicious; having the significance of an omen

Front 75

Pensive

Back 75

Deep in though; wistful

Front 76

Poignant

Back 76

Keenly distressing to the feelings; keen or strong in mental appeal; affecting or moving the emotions

Front 77

Pretentious

Back 77

Attempting to impress by affect a greater importance, talent, skill than is actually possessed

Front 78

Resigned

Back 78

Acceptance that something undesirable cannot be avoided

Front 79

Sardonic

Back 79

Mocking and cynical

Front 80

Surly

Back 80

Bad-tempered and unfriendly

Front 81

Whimsical

Back 81

Playfully quaint or fanciful; in an appealing, amusing way

Front 82

Wistful

Back 82

Characterized by melancholy; longing; yearning; pensive; especially in a melancholy way

Front 83

Zealous

Back 83

Filled with or inspired by intense enthusiasm or zeal

Front 84

Benevolent

Back 84

Characterized by or expressing goodwill or kindly feelings