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95 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does Os and Osteo refer to?
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Bone
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What bone cells are cells that are mitotic cells that divide to produce daughter cells that differentiate into osteoblast?
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Osteoprogentor Cells
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What bone cell is responsible for the breakdown of the osteocytes?
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Osteoclast
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Which bone cells is considered to be immature? Mature?
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Immature - Osteoblast
Mature - Osteocyte |
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What are the 5 basic functions of the skeletal system?
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Support, Leverage, Protection, Bone cell formation, and Storage.
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What is the 1st and 2nd hardest substances in the body?
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1st - Enamel on teeth
2nd - Bone |
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Bone is composed of a few cells embedded in an intracellular substance called what?
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Matrix
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What 3 things make up the bone matrix?
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Collagen, Gelatin, and Osteoblast
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What is the process where calcium and phosphate harden?
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Ossification
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What word means small lakes?
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Lacuna
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Osteocytes communicate with one another through tiny channels called, what?
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Canaliculi
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Which bone type is tightly compacted, heavy, dense, and strong?
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Compact
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Which bone type helps to keep the bone light and helps to absorb shock?
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Cancellous
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What 2 elements make up bone?
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Calcium and Phosphate
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Name the 3 different types of cartilage.
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Hyaline, Elastic, and Fibrous
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Name the 3 places where osteoprogentor cells are found.
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Periosteum, Endosteum, and Haversian Canals
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Where is the periosteum? Endosteum?
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Peri - Outside pf bone
End- Inside of bone |
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What comes in at right angels to the haversian canals and join the blood, nerves, and lymph in the haversian canals?
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Volkmann's Canals
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The larger blood vessels, nerves, and lymph vessels enter through the what?
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Nutrient Formina
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What is the name of the bone formation where the body creates a cartilage "template" that is later replaced by bone?
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Endochondral
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Which bone formation occurs in places such as the skull, and forms in firbous tissue membranes?
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Intramembranous
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What is the name for bone formation in the visceral skeleton?
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Heteroplastic
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What are the two ends of long bone called? The middle?
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Ends - Epiphyses
Middle - Diaphysis |
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Give an example of a long bone.
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Femur
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Which bones are shaped like small cubes and have spongy bone inside covered by a layer of compact bone? Give an example.
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Short bones; Carpal Bones
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Which bones are thin and flat? Give an example.
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Flat bones; Ribs
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Give an example of a irregular bone.
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Vertebrae
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What is the largest sesamoid bone?
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Patella
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Osteoblast become trapped in spaces in the ossified matrix called what?
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Lacuna
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Compact bone is composed of tiny, tightly compacted cylinders of bone, that run lengthwise are called what?
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Haversian System
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This is the central canal that runs the length of a haversian system, and contains the blood vessels, nerves, and lymph vessels.
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Haversian Canal
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Which bone marrow is responsible for all RBC's, thrombocytes, and WBC production?
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Red bone marrow
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Which bone marrow is made of adipose connective tissue?
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Yellow bone marrow
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Which bone marrow is found mostly in young animals, which is found mostly in old animals?
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Young - Red
Old - Yellow |
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Which bone feature has smooth areas of compact bone where bone comes into contact with each other to form joints?
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Articular Surface
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Name 4 articular surfaces.
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Condyle, Head, Trochlea, and Facet
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What is the name for a large, round articular surface, that is cylindrical in shape?
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Condyle
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What is the name for a somewhat spherical surface that is on the proximal end of long bones?
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Head
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What is a flat articular surface?
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Facet
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What is a pulley like articular mass?
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Trochlea
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If you stretch a tendon it is called a __________.
If you stretch a ligament it is called a __________. |
Strain
Sprain |
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Name the 6 types of processes.
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Tuberosity, Tubercle, Spine, Crest, Neck, Line
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What is a general term that includes all the lumps, bumps, and other projections? Non-Articular
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Process
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What is a hole in the bone?
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Foramen
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What is a depressed or sunken area on the surface of a bone, occupied by a muscle or tendon?
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Fossa
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What is a tunnel through one or more bones?
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Canal
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What is a small depression?
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Fovea
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What is it called when a bone pops out of its socket and stays out? What is it called when it pops in and out of socket?
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Dislocation
Luxulation |
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Name the parts of the axial skeleton.
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Skull, Hyoid Bone, Spinal Column, ribs, and Sternum
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How many bone make up the skull?
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37-38
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The jaw is connected to the rest of the skull by a freely movable joint known as _____________.
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Temporal Mandibular Joint
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The skull bones are united by jagged, immovable, fibrous joints called _____________.
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Sutures
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Name the external bones of the cranium, ear, and face.
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Cranium = Frontal, interparietal, occipital, parietal, and temporal Ear = None Face = Incisive, lacrimal, mandible, maxillary, nasal, and zygomatic.
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Name the internal bone of the cranium, ear and face.
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Cranium = Ethmoid bone, and Sphenoid bone
Ear = Incus, malleus, and stapes Face = Palatine, pterygoid, turbinate, and vomer |
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This bone supports the base of the tongue, the pharynx, and larynx, and helps the animal to swallow?
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Hyoid
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Name the 5 regions of the spinal column.
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Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, and Coccygeal
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Bodies of adjacent vertebrae are separated by cartilage, "shock absorbers" called _____________.
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Vertebral Disks
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Name the processes of the vertebrae.
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Spinous process, Transverse Process, and Articular Process.
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Write the vertebral formulas for cat, dog, cattle, and horse.
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Cat = C7 T13 L7 S3 CY0-23
Dog = C7 T13 L7 S3 CY0-23 Cattle = C7 T13 L6 S6 CY18-20 Horse = C7 T18 L6 S5 CY15-21 |
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What is the name of C1 and C2?
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Atlas and Axis
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Which vertebrae corresponds with the number of pairs of ribs?
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Thoracic Vertebrae
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Which vertebrae have large, bulky, bodies and support the weight of the abdominal organs?
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Lumbar Vertebrae
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Which vertebrae fuse to form a single solid structure?
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Sacral Vertebrae
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The sacrum forms a join with the pelvis to form what joint?
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Sacroiliac Joint
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What is the name for the bones in the tail?
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Coccygeal
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The number of pairs of ribs usually equals the number of ________ _______.
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Thoracic Vertebrae
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The cartilage part of the rib is the _______ ________, and its junction with the bony part is called the _____ _______ _______.
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Costal Cartilage
Costo-Chondral Junction |
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Ribs whose cartilage join the sternum are called _______ ribs.
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Sternal Ribs
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The ribs that join the adjacent costal cartilage are called _________ ribs.
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Asternal Ribs
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The nonattached ribs are called ________ ribs.
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Floating ribs
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The sternum is made up of a series of rod-like bones called ________.
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Sternebrae
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The first rod-like bone on the sternum is the ___________ and the last is the ________.
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Manubrium
Xiphoid Process |
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The front leg is the ________ limb, and the hind leg is the _________ limb.
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Thoracic
Pelvic |
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A piece of cartilage extends caudally from the xiphoid process, what is its name?
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Xiphoid Cartilage
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The bones of the thoracic limb include what?
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Scapula, Humerus, Radius, Ulna, Carpal Bones, Metacarpal Bones, Phalanges.
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The bones of the pelvic limb include what?
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Pelvis (ilium, ischium, pubis), Femur, Tibia, Fibula, Tarsal Bone, Metatarsal Bones, Phalanges.
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Another name for the upper arm is _________, and another name for the lower arm is ___________.
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Brachium
Antebrachium |
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The bones on the top row of the carpus are called (medial to lateral) _________, __________, and __________.
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Radial Carpal Bone, Ulna Carpal Bones, and Accessory Carpal Bone.
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The large metacarpal bone in the horses is the _______ metacarpal and is often referred to as the ______ bone,.
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3rd
Cannon |
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The two shorter metacarpal bones are the __________ and _________ metacarpal, and are commonly reffered to as _________ bones.
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2nd and 4th
Splint |
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In the horse the proximal phalanx is called the ______ __________, the middle is the ________ _________, and the distal is the _______ _________.
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Long Pastern, Short Pastern, and Coffin Bone
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The distal sesamoid bone in horses is commonly called the ___________ bone.
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Navicular
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The scientific name for a nail is _________ ____________.
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Ungual Prosess
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The pelvic connects to the axial skeleton through the ___________ joint that unites the pelvis with the spinal column.
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Sacroiliac Joint
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The pelvis is sometimes referred to as the ____ __________.
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Os Coxae
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What are the 3 bones that make up the pelvis?
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Ilium, Ischium, and Pubis
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Which is the largest of the 3 bones?
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Ilium
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In cattle the ilium projects laterally and is called the _____ bone.
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Hook
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Which is the most caudal? What is the part the sticks out in cattle?
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Ischium
Pin |
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Which is the smallest of the 3 bones?
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Pubis
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The obturator foramina serve to ___________ the pelvis.
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Lighten
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What is the largest sesamoid bone in the body?
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Patella
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What are the two sesamoid bone located just behind the femoral condyles in cats and dogs?
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Fabellae
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The two largest proximal tarsal bones are the __________ and the __________. Give both names.
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Tibial Tarsal Bone - Talus
Fibular Tarsal Bone - Calcaneous |
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What is the bone in the heart of cattle and sheep?
What is the bone in the penis of dogs? What is the bone in the nose of swine? |
Os Cordis
Os Penis Os Rostri |
