A&p Lab Quiz 1

Front 1

Anatomical Position

Back 1

Body in a classic, standard position.
The subject is standing erect. The feet are together with the toes pointing forward. The head is directed forword and the arms hang at the sides in a somewhat unnatural position with the palms of the hand facing forward

Front 2

Superior (cranial)

Back 2

Toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; above
EX: The head is superior to the abdomen.
The heart is superior to the diaphragm.

Front 3

Inferior (caudal)

Back 3

Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below
EX: The navel is inferior to the chin.
The stomach is inferior to the diaphragm.

Front 4

Ventral (anterior)

Back 4

Toward or at the front of the body; in front of
EX: The breastbone is anterior to the spine.
The eyes are located anterior on the head.

Front 5

Dorsal (posterior)

Back 5

Toward or at the back of the body; behind
EX: The heart is posterior to the breastbone.
The vertebral column is posterior to the heart.

Front 6

Medial

Back 6

Toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of
EX: The heart is medial to the arm.
The nose is located medial to the ears.

Front 7

Lateral

Back 7

Away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of
EX: The arms are lateral to the chest.
The eyes are lateral to the nose.

Front 8

Intermediate

Back 8

Between a more medial and a more lateral structure
EX: The collarbone is intermediate between the breastbone and shoulder.

Front 9

Proximal

Back 9

Refers to limbs or appendages; closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
EX: The elbow is proximal to the wrist.
The should is proximal to the hand.

Front 10

Distal

Back 10

Toward or at the body surface
EX: The knee is distal to the thigh.
The toes are distal to the knee.

Front 11

Superficial (external)

Back 11

Toward or at the body surface
EX: The skin is superficial to the skeletal muscles.
The skin is a superficial organ of the body.

Front 12

Deep (internal)

Back 12

Away from the body surface; more internal
EX: The lungs are deep to the skin.
The skeletal muscles are deep to the skin.

Front 13

Sagittal
(also midsagittal, parasagittal)

Back 13

When the body is sectioned lengthwise (longitudinally) into right and left parts. Other planes offset from the midline.

Front 14

Frontal (coronal)

Back 14

Plane that separates the body into ventral and dorsal sections.

Front 15

Transverse (horizontal, cross sectional)

Back 15

Plane that divides the body into inferior and superior parts.

Front 16

Dorsal Cavity

Back 16

Divided into the cranial cavity and the spinal (vertebral) cavity.

Front 17

Ventral Cavity

Back 17

Divided into the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity.

Front 18

Thoracic Cavity

Back 18

Contains 2 pleural cavities (lungs) and a pericardial cavity (heart).

Front 19

Abdominopelvic Cavity

Back 19

Contains the abdominal and pelvic area.

Front 20

Serous membranes

Back 20

Line the cavities and cover the organs of these cavities.

Front 21

Parietal membrane

Back 21

serous membrane that lies against the wall (paries) of the cavity.
Pleura (lung)
Pericardium (heart)
Peritoneum (abdomin)

Front 22

Visceral membrane

Back 22

The membrane that covers the organ (viscera).
Pleura (lung)
Pericardium (heart)
Peritoneum (abdomin)

Front 23

Lung

Back 23

Used for gas exchange located in the thoracic cavity

Front 24

Heart

Back 24

Pumps blood to the body and is located in the thoracic cavity

Front 25

Diaphragm

Back 25

Primary muscle for breathing; also divides the thoracic and the abdominopelvic cavities.

Front 26

Liver

Back 26

Makes proteins; used for detoxification; makes bile
Located in the right upper quadrant

Front 27

Spleen

Back 27

Filters blood; major part of the immune system
Located in the left upper quadrant

Front 28

Gall bladder

Back 28

Stores bile
Located in the right upper quadrant

Front 29

Stomach

Back 29

Aides in digestion
Located in the left upper quadrant

Front 30

Small intestine

Back 30

Digestion is completed and absorption occurs

Front 31

Pancreas

Back 31

Part of the endocrine system; located behind the stomach. Produces both endocrine and exocrine excretion.

Front 32

Large Intestine

Back 32

Part of the digestive system; compacts the waste and gets it ready for excretion.

Front 33

Rectum

Back 33

Part of the digestive system where feces is eliminated.

Front 34

Kidneys

Back 34

Located in the right upper quadrant between the dorsal wall and the parietal peritoneum in the superior lumbar region. Produces urine; is a filter system, makes hormones, monitors electrolytes, and monitors the blood.

Front 35

Ureter

Back 35

Tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder.

Front 36

Brain

Back 36

Located in the cranial cavity in the dorsal cavity of the body. It is the fast acting control system of the body. It responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands. (Motor and memory)

Front 37

Appendix

Back 37

Vestigal organ; hangs off the large intestine.

Front 38

Adrenal Glands

Back 38

Hormone producing glands located superior to the kidneys.
Make epinephrine and nor-epinephrine

Front 39

Aorta

Back 39

Largest artery; rises from the left ventricle of the heart.

Front 40

Vena Cava

Back 40

Largest vein

Front 41

Ocular lens (10X)

Back 41

What you look through; magnifies object viewed; contains pointer

Front 42

Tube

Back 42

Supports ocular; contains lenses, prisms and/or mirrows

Front 43

Nosepiece

Back 43

Revolves; holds objective lenses

Front 44

Objective lenses

Back 44

Magnifies object viewed

Front 45

Scanning lens

Back 45

Magnifies 4X; for scanning

Front 46

Low power objective

Back 46

Magnifies 10X

Front 47

High power objective

Back 47

Magnifies 40X

Front 48

Slide holder assembly

Back 48

Calipers hold slide; slide moved by knobs (slide adjustment knobs)

Front 49

Stage

Back 49

Platform; holds slide containing object to be viewed

Front 50

Coarse adjustment knob

Back 50

raises or lowers stage for coarsely focusing the object

Front 51

Fine adjustment knob

Back 51

Brings object into sharp focus

Front 52

Arm

Back 52

Connects tube to base; vertical support; you use it to grasp and lift

Front 53

Base

Back 53

Bottom, flat surface support; you use it to support the microscope

Front 54

Illuminator

Back 54

Light source; built into base

Front 55

Light switch

Back 55

Turns light on/off;located in base

Front 56

Power cord

Back 56

Connect/disconnect to the electrical outlet by the plug not cord

Front 57

Condenser

Back 57

Lenses that concentrate light to stage; height adjustment by ring or knob

Front 58

Iris diaphragm

Back 58

Regulates stage opening diameter, thus the brightness of light passing through specimen; contrast with reduced light

Front 59

Magnification

Back 59

That which you are viewing an object is a result of the magnifying power of the ocular and the objective lenses.
Scan: 4X * 10X= 40X
Lo Power: 10X * 10X= 100X
Hi Power: 40X * 10X= 400X