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28 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Skeleton subdivided to
Axial skeleton (skull, vertebrae, ribs) and Appendicular skeleton (limbs, pelvic bones)
What do bone markings indicate?
1.Where bones form joints with other bones, muscles and tendons.
2.Where ligaments attach
3. Where blood vessels and nerves pass
2 Bone Classes
1. Compact bone (smooth & homogenous
2. Spongy/cancellous bone (has small trabeculae (bars) & lots of space
4 Bone Groups
Long, short, flat and irregular bones
Flat Bone
thin, 2 wafer-like layers of compact bone w/ spongy bone in between (ex. skull)
Irregular bone
irregular shaped bones (ex. vertebrae)
Long bones
longer than they are wide; made mostly of compact bone (ex femur)
Short bones
cube shaped; mostly spongy bone (ex tarsals/carpals)
Structures of long bones (8)
Epiphysis, Periosteum, Articular cartilage, Epiphyseal plate (epiphyseal line), Endosteum, Medullary cavity, Yellow bone marrow, Red bone marrow
Medullary Cavity
hollow central interior. Contains yellow bone marrow in adults, red bone marrow in infants
Yellow bone marrrow
composed of adipose tissue (fat cells)
Red bone marrow
consists of immature red and white blood cells and stem cells. Used to produce blood cells.
Epiphysis
end of bone (distal & proximal)
Periosteum
covers the bone; SHARPEY'S FIBER from this penetrate the bone
Articular cartilage
Covers epiphyseal surface instead of periosteum
Epiphyseal plate
area of hyaline cartilage where longitudinal growth of bones occur (seen as epiphyseal line in adults)
Endosteum
lines the shaft
Diaphysis
just know spelling. smooth part of bone
6 structures of compact bone
Osteon (Haversian system), Haversian (central canal), Canaliculi/canaliculus, osteocytes,Lacunae, Perforating/ Volkmann's canals
Osteon
central canal & all concentric lamallae with Haversian/central canal in center
Haversion canal
runs along length of bone; carries blood, lymph vessels & nerves
Canaliculi
tiny canals radiating outward from central canal (single canal = canaliculus)They connect the central canal to small chambers in the lamellae called lacunae
Osteocytes
mature bone cells found inside lacunae
Lacunae
small chambers that "house" the mature bone cells (oseocytes)
Perforating/Volkmann's canals
canals that run into compact bone and marrow cavity from the periosteum
Articular cartilage
covers bone ends of movable joints
Intervertebral discs
cushion bones of spine
3 types of cartilage
1.Hyaline (found in nasal, articular, costal, tracheal/bronchial (air passages)
2.Elastic (found in lung, ear)
3. Fibrocartilage (found in articular (knee), pubic symphysis, intervertebral