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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cells are a group of...
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atoms, molecules, and organelles working together.
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A tissue is...
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...a group of cells working together.
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An organ is...
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...a group of different tissues working together.
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An organ system is...
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...a group of organs working together.
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What organs are included in the integumentary system? What is its function?
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skin, hair, nails, sweat glands
protect against environmental hazards, help regulate body temperature, provide sensory info |
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What's included in the skeletal system? function?
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bones, cartilages, bone marrow, associated ligaments
support and protection, stores calcium and other minerals, forms blood cells |
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What's included in the muscular system? function?
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skeletal muscles and associated tendons
movement, protection and support, generates heat that maintains body temp |
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What's included in the nervous system? function?
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brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, sensory organs
direct immediate responses to stimuli, coordinates or moderates activities of other organ systems, provides and interprets sensory info about external conditions |
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What's included in the endocrine system? function?
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pituitary gland, pancreas, gonads, thyroid gland, adrenal glands, endocrine tissues in other systems
directs long term changes in the activities of other organ systems, adjusts metabolic activity and energy use by the body, controls structural and functional changes during development |
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What's included in the cardiovascular system? function?
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heart, blood, blood vessels
distributes blood cells, water and dissolved materials including nutrients, waste products, O2, Co2. distributes heat and assists in control of body temp |
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What's included in the lymphatic system? function?
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spleen, thymus, lymph vessels, lymph nodes, tonsils
immune function and returns tissue fluids to bloodstream |
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What's organs are part of respiratory system? function?
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-nasal cavities, sinuses, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, alveoli
-deliver air to alveoli, provide O2 to bloodstream, remove Co2, produce sounds for communication |
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What organs are part of the digestive system? function?
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-teeth, tongue, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
-process and digest food, absorb and conserve water, absorb nutrients, store energy reserves |
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What organs are part of the urinary system? function?
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kidneys, ureter, urethra, urinary bladder
-excrete waste from blood, control water balance, store urine prior to elimination, regulate blood ion concentration |
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What organs are part of male reproductive system? function?
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testes, epididymis, ductus deferentia, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, penis, scrotum
-produce gametes, suspending fluids, and hormones. intercourse. making babies |
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What organs are part of the female reproductive system? function?
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ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, labia, clitoris, mammary glands
-produce oocytes and hormones, support developing embryo, provide milk to baby, intercouse, and making babies |
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Define homeostasis.
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All body systems working together to maintain a stable internal environment. Systems respond to external and internal changes to function within a normal range (temp, fluid balance, etc.).
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What are the two mechanisms for homeostasis? Define each
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1. autoregulation (intrinsic) - automatic responses in a cell, tissue, or organ to some environmental change
2. extrinsic regulation - responses controlled by nervous and endocrine systems |
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Explain negative feedback.
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the response of the effector negates the stimulus. body is brought back to homeostasis and normal range is achieved.
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Explain positive feedback.
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The response of the effector increases the change of the stimulus. The body is moved away from homeostasis and normal range is lost. Used to speed up processes
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What type of equilibrium is homeostasis?
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Dynamic equilibrium, meaning there is a continual adaptation
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Define anatomical position, supine, and prone.
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-hands at sides, palms forward
-lying down, face up -lying down, face down |
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What are the following terms associated with:
antecubital, otic, cephalic, axillary, antebrachial, olecranal, popliteal, sural, calcaneal |
antecubital - front of elboy
otic - ear cephalic - head axillary - armpit antebrachial - forearm olecranal - back of elbow popliteal - back of knee sural - calf calcaneal - heel of foot |
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How are the abdominopelvic quadrants divided?
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formed by two perpendicular lines that intersect at the naval
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What are the functions of body cavities?
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-protect organs from accidental shocks
-permit changes in size and shape of internal organs |
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What divides the ventral body cavity? What two cavities is it divided into?
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divided by the diaphragm
-thoracic cavity -abdominopelvic cavity |
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Where would you find serous membranes? What two layers do they consist of?
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-serous membranes line body cavities and cover organs
-divided into parietal layer (lines cavities) and visceral layer (covers organs) |
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What is contained in the thoracic cavity?
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-right and left pleural cavities which contain R and L lungs
-mediastinum - upper portion filled w/ blood vessels, trachea, esophagus and thymus. Lower portion contains pericardial cavity (heart in this cavity). |
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What's in the abdominopelvic cavity?
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Superior portion - abdominal cavity. Diaphragm to top of pelvic bones. Contains digestive organs. Also has retroperitoneal space which is the area posterior to peritoneum and anterior to muscular body wall. This contains pancreas, kidneys, ureters, and parts of digestive tract.
Inferior portion - pelvic cavity. Within pelvic bones. Contains reproductive organs, rectum, and bladder |
