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106 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the functions of blood? |
transportation
regulation protection |
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in terms of regulation, what is the function of blood
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regulates pH, body temperature, and water content of cells
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in terms of protection, what is the function of blood
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protects against blood loss through clotting, and against disease through phagocytic white blood cells and antibodies.
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blood transports what to the tissues:
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oxygen and nutrients
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blood removes wastes for
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exretion from the body
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blood also transports hormones which help do what
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control the function of the body's organs
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among its various regulatory functions, blood helps maintain what
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normal body temperature and the pH of body fluids
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blood is vital in:
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transporting substances between body cells and the external environment
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blood has two components:
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1) blood plasma and formed elements
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a watery liquid extracellular matrix that contains dissolved substances is what:
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blood plasma
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what are cells and cell gragments called
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formed elements
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blood is what percent
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45%
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formed elements are what percent of blood
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55%
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when formed elements are removed from blood, a strawcolored liquid is called
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blood plasma
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blood plasma is about __% water and __% solutes, most of which are proteins
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91.5
8.5 |
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the formed elements of the blood include three principal components :
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red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
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what is the process by which the formed elements of blood developed called:
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hemopoiesis
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the production of RBCs starts in the red bone marrow with a precursor cell called a proerythroblast
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erthyropoiesis
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hormone produce in the liver
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thrombopoietin
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stimulation formation of platelets from megakaryocytes
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thrombopoietin
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increases the number of RBC precursors
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erythropoietin
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mainly produced by cells in the kidneys
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erythropoietin
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with renal failure, it release slows and RBC prroduction is inadequaate
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erythropoietin
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hormone produce in the liver
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thrombopoietin
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stimulates formation of platelets from megakaryocytes
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thrombopoietin
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the myeloid stem cells differentiate into progenitor cells
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hemopoiesis
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erythrocytes means
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red blood cell
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contain the oxygen carrying protein hemoglobin
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red blood cells or erythrocytes
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have biconcave discs
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red blood cells or erythrocytes
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simple structure
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red blood cells or erythrocytes
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their plasma membrane is both strong and flexible, which allows them to deform without rupturing as they squeeze through narrow capillaries
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red blood cells or erythrocytes
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lack a nucleus and other organelles and can neither reproduce nor carry on metabolic activities
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red blood cells or erythrocytes
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are highly specialized for their oxygen transport function
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red blood cells or erythrocytes
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all their internal space is available for oxygen transport
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red blood cells or erythrocytes
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lack mitochondria and generate ATP anaerobically (without oxygen)
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red blood cells or erythrocytes
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contains hemoblobin molecules
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red blood cells or erythrocytes
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contains globin and heme
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red blood cells or erythrocytes
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hemoglobin releases what
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oxygen
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hemoglobin molecule consists of a protein called and a nonprotein pigment
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globin and heme
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the production of RBCs starts in the red bone marrow with a precursor cell called a proerythroblast.. is called what
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erythropoiesis
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leukocytes is also called
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white blood cells/leukocytes
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have nuclei and do not contain hemoglobin
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white blood cells or leukocytes
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classified as either granular or agranular
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white blood cells or leukocytes
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granular luekocytes contain:
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neutrophils
eosinophils and basophils |
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angular leukocytes include
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lymphocytes and monocytes
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two types of WBCs are
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granular and agranular leukocytes
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what kinda of blood cells are usually larger
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white blood cells or leukocytes
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without staining are translucent
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white blood cells or leukocytes
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what type of WBCs are phagocytic
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neutrophils
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first to arrive at infection site
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phagocytic
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what type of WBCs are most numerous
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neutrophils
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have a multilobed nucleus joined by nuclear threads
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neutrophils
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engulf pathogens during phagocytosis
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neutrophils
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what type of WBCs mediate allergic reactions and destroy certain parasitic worms
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eosinophils
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2-4% of all WBCs
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eosinophils
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have a bilobed nucleus and their large abundance granules become a red color
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eosinophils
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what type of WBC
liberate histamine, serotonin and heparin in allergic reactions |
basophils
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what type of WBC
intensifies inflammation |
basophils
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what type of WBC
bilobed nucleus- many very darkly stained granules |
basophils
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.5-1% of all WBCs
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basophils
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what type of WBC
largest blood cells |
monocytes
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what type of WBC - leave bloodstream and become phagocytic macrophages
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monocytes
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lwhat type of WBC
ive for months in tissues |
monocytes
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what type of WBC
kidney shapd nucleus |
monocytes
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what type of WBC
20-25% of WBCs - live for many many years |
lymphocytes
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what type of WBC has T & B types
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lymphocytes
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WBC
attack microorganisms and infected cells |
t lymphocytes
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WBC
relase antibodies |
b lymphocytes
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what is the function of white blood cells
(4) |
allergic reactions
prevent against infection immunity prevent clot formation |
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thrombocyte is the same thing as a
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platelet
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each fragment enclosed by a piece of the plasma membrane is called a
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platelet
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breaks off from the megakaryocytes in red bone marrow and then enter the blood circulation
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platelets
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what help stop blood loss from damaged blood cessels by forming a plug
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platelet
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their granuals contain a chemical that once released promote blood clotting
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platelets
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have a short life span, 5-9 days
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platelets
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what is the function of a monocyte
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phagocytosis
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what type of white blood cell:
mediate immune responses including antige - antibody reactions |
lymphocytes
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what combats foreign substances that enter the body
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white blood cells
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what type of cell
phagocytosis |
neutrophils
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fragments of cells from megakaryocytes
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platelets
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fuction on blood clot formation
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platelets
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not complete cells
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platelets
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they arise from very large cells in red bone marrow that shatter, relasing small sections of cytoplasm into circulation
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platelets
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when arteries are damaged, the circularly arranged smooth muscle in their walls contracts immediately.. this is called
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vascular spasm
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this is caused by damage to smooth muscle, but substances related from activated platelts and by reflexes intiated by pain receptors
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vascular spasm
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exposure of platelets to rough surfaces or to collagen of connective tissue
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platelet plug formation
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platelets adhere to rough surfaces and to each other, forming a plug
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platelet plug formation
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cellular damage and blood contact with foreign surfaces result in activiation of factors that favor
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blood clotting
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clotting in an unbroken blood vessel is called ____
the clot itself, called a ___ may dissovled spontaneously. |
thrombosis and thrombus
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a blood clot, bubble of air, fat from broken bones, or a piece of debris transported by the blood steam is called an
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embolus
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a substance that delays, suppresses, or prevents blood clotting is called a
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anticoagulant
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heparin, warfarin, blood donations are examples of
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antocoagulents
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thrombosis means:
thrombus means: embolus means: |
clotting
blood clot blood clot that moves |
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chemical substances that are injected into the body to dissolve blood clots that have already formed to restore circulation are called
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thrombolyric agents
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they either directly or indirectly activate plasminogen
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thrombolytic agents
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what is based on two glycolipid antigens called A and B
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ABO blood group
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so named because the antigen was discovered in the blood of rhesus monkey
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Rh blood group
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the alleles of three genes may code for the __ antigen
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Rh
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people whose RBCs have Rh antigens are designated __
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Rh +
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rupture of the RBCs is called
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hemolysis
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normal components of one persons RBC plasma membrane can trigger damaging antigen antibody responses in a transfusion patient. in an incompativle blood transfucion, antibodies in the recipients plasma bind ot the antigens on the donanted RBCs whiach causes
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agglutination
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clumping of the RBCs
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agglutination
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an antigen antibody response in which RBCs become crosslinked to one another
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agglutination
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hemolytic disease of a the newborn is linked with
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Rh incompatibility
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in hemolytic disease of a newborn normally no direct contract occurs between maternal and fetal blood while a woman is pregnent. however, if a small amount of Rh+ blood leaks from the fetus through th eplacenta into the bloodsteam of an Rh- mother, the mother will start to make what kind of antibodies
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anti-rh- antibodies
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what can be used to prevent hemolytic disease of a new born
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an injection of anti-Rh antibodies called anti-rh gamma globulin can be given
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