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19 Cards in this Set

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AP II EXAM 2 PNS & REGIONAL ANESTHESIA
AP II EXAM 2 PNS & REGIONAL ANESTHESIA
What are the methods of nerve localization?
1. surface anatomic landmarks
2. electrical stimulation
3. ultrasound visualization
General risks and complications
1. intravascular injection of local anesthetic
2. intraneural injection
3. infection
4. hematoma
What are some general contraindications?
1. local infection or hematoma at injection site.
2. known distal nerve lesion/injury/deficit.
What are the point of access to the brachial plexus?
1. interscalene
2. supraclavicular
3. infraclavicular
4. axillary
Where do you block when doing a shoulder procedure?
1. interscalene
2. supraclavicular
Where do you block for elbow procedure?
1. supraclavicular
2. infraclavicular
Where do you block for arm and hand?
1. supra and infraclavicular
2. axillary
Risks & Complications for interscalene block?
Arterial injection risk
Risks & Complications for supraclavicular block?
Pneumothorax
Risks & Complications for axillary block?
Sterility. Site is not very sterile there.
Myotomes
Muscles served by a single nerve root.

Muscle equivalence to a dermatome.
Points of access for an ankle block
1. posterior tibial
2. peroneals
3. sural
4. saphenous
What block would you do for a knee surgery?
Femoral block
For ankle surgery?
Popliteal block
For foot/toe procedures
Ankle block
Risks & Complications for ankle block?
Compartment syndrome
Risks and Complications for femoral block?
Very little risk and complications involved.

Very common and basic procedure.
Risks and complications for intra-arterial injection?
In general, intraarterial injection should be discouraged. However, when IV cannulation is impossible and intraosseous access is deemed too invasive.