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5 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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CELLULAR RESPIRATION
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ADP + P + kinetic energy <-----> ATP
NADH, FADH: temporary electron storage units. Energy stored in these molecules can be released to make 3 or 2 ATP molecules each, respectively. |
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GLYCOLYSIS
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-in cytoplasm of cells if O2 is present/not present
GLUCOSE ----> 2 PYRUVIC ACID + 2 ATP + 2 NADH -ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION: no O2 present 2 PYRUVIC ACID --> 2 LACTIC ACID --> to liver for excretion/conversion -AEROBIC RESPIRATION: O2 is present 2 PYRUVIC ACID --> 2 ACoA + 2 CO2+ 2 NADH KREB’S CYCLE in the mitochondrion, O2 present 2 ACoA --> 4 CO2 + 6 NADH + 2 FADH + 2 ATP ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN: in mito., O2 present 10 NADH + 2 FADH + O2 ---> H2O + 32-34 ATP THEREFORE, ONE WHOLE GLUCOSE MOLECULE CREATES: 36-38 ATP + CO2 + H2O ATP can be generated by breaking bonds in proteins and in lipids as long as the products can be “run through” the above equations. |
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PROTEINS
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made of many amino acids bound together = polypeptides, and 2 or more polypeptides bound together
1. Break hydrogen bonds between polypeptides (denature protein) 2. Break bonds between amino acids to get individual amino acids (hydrolysis). 3. DEAMINATION: removing amino group from amino acid amino acid --> ketoacid + amine group 4. AMINE GROUP --> AMMONIA --> to liver to convert to UREA 5. KETOACID --> PYRUVIC ACID -AEROBIC RESPIRATION: O2 is present PYRUVIC ACID --> ACoA + CO2 + NADH KREB’S CYCLE in the mitochondrion, O2 present ACoA --> 2 CO2 + 3 NADH + FADH + ATP ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN: in mito., O2 present 4 NADH + FADH + O2 ---> H2O + 14 ATP 6. So 1 amino acid ---> CO2 + H2O + 15 ATP (There are hundreds of AA’s in one protein) |
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LIPIDS
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-> TRIGLYCERIDE = 3 fatty acids + glycerol
*emulsify large fats with bile salts 1. Break bonds between fatty acids and glycerol (hydrolysis) 2. GLYCEROL + GLYCEROL --> GLUCOSE --> run through all reactions GLYCOLYSIS (remember only ½ products of a glucose for each glycerol!) -in cytoplasm of cells if O2 is present/not present ½ GLUCOSE ----> PYRUVIC ACID + ATP + NADH -AEROBIC RESPIRATION: O2 is present PYRUVIC ACID --> ACoA + CO2 + NADH KREB’S CYCLE in the mitochondrion, O2 present ACoA --> 2 CO2 + 3 NADH + FADH + ATP ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN: in mitochondria, O2 present 3 NADH + FADH + O2 ---> H2O + 10-11 ATP so 1 fatty acid yields approximately 11-12 ATP and there are 3 Fatty acids per Triglyceride so 3 fatty acids yield 33 - 36 ATP 4. 1 triglyceride will approximately yield 18 ATP + 33 ATP= 51 ATP |
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LIPIDS 2
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ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN: in mitochondria, O2 present
3 NADH + FADH + O2 ---> H2O + 10-11 ATP so 1 fatty acid yields approximately 11-12 ATP and there are 3 Fatty acids per Triglyceride so 3 fatty acids yield 33 - 36 ATP 4. 1 triglyceride will approximately yield 18 ATP + 33 ATP= 51 ATP |
