A&p I - Lecture - Week Of 11/15

Front 1

Synarthroses –

Back 1

“Together joint”. Immoveable joint. Such as sutures. Made of fibrous connective tissues

Front 2

Amphiarthroses –

Back 2

“Both joint”. Slightly moveable. Joint made of fibrocartilage. Such as pubic symphysis and the intervertebral discs

Front 3

Synovial –

Back 3

“Together with egg”. Fluid looks like egg whites. Most joints are synovial.

Front 4

Origin –

Back 4

The muscle that doesn’t move when the muscle contracts (RED)

Front 5

Insertion –

Back 5

The point on the bone that moves when the muscle contracts (BLUE)

Front 6

Action –

Back 6

action is the movement that occurs

Front 7

Aponeurosis –

Back 7

Flat tendon structures. Sheet of connective tissues. (head, gluteus maximus)

Front 8

Peristeum –

Back 8

Lines the outside of the bone and is continuous with the joint capsule. Contains osteoprogenitor cells

Front 9

Medial and lateral collateral ligament –

Back 9

The ligaments that prevent the knee from being pushed in/out.

Front 10

Sack of Synovial Fluid –

Back 10

Guards against friction. Is between the ligament and the bone

Front 11

Synovial membrane and synovial fluid –

Back 11

Fills the space between the tibia and the femur.

Front 12

Articular cartilage –

Back 12

lines the joints in the bone. Made of hyaline cartilage

Front 13

Anterior and posterior Ligament –

Back 13

muscles that cross in the middle of synovial space between the femur and the tibia.

Front 14

Muscle purpose:

Back 14

Movement, posture, stabilization, and heat generation.

Front 15

Rheumatoid arthritis –

Back 15

inflammation of the synovial membrane.

Front 16

Perimysium –

Back 16

Connective tissue surrounding/enclosing each fascicle

Front 17

Epimysium –

Back 17

Connective tissue surrounding the entire muscle. Continuous with the connective tissue.

Front 18

Sarcomere –

Back 18

Contractile unit of tissue. A set of myosin and it’s actin.

Front 19

Fiber –

Back 19

A muscle cell

Front 20

Endomysium –

Back 20

Thin connective tissue surrounding each muscle cell. Made of areolar tissue.

Front 21

Sarcolemma –

Back 21

“husk”. The plasma membrane around each muscle cell

Front 22

Myofibril –

Back 22

Long, filamentous organelle found within muscle cells that has a banded appearance. Takes up 80% of the cell.

Front 23

Myofillament –

Back 23

Actin- or myosin-containing structures

Front 24

Tendon –

Back 24

cordlike extension of connective tissue beyond the muscle, serving to attach it to the bone

Front 25

Fascicle –

Back 25

A bundle of muscle cells.

Front 26

A Band –

Back 26

Where myosin and actin overlap. The dark part. “It’s myosin and clan, it’s the A Band”.

Front 27

I Band –

Back 27

Actin-only. The lighter striation. (“Tall and thin, it’s actin!”)

Front 28

H zone –

Back 28

Myosin only

Front 29

Z discs/line –

Back 29

The anchors between actin fibers. The borders of the sarcomere.

Front 30

Motor unit –

Back 30

A motor neuron and all the skeletal muscles that it stimulates

Front 31

Synaptic cleft –

Back 31

The area between the axon terminal and the muscle cell.

Front 32

Acetylcholine –

Back 32

The neurotransmitter that is released onto skeletal muscles.

Front 33

T tubule –

Back 33

Channels into the cell that allow extracellular fluid to bring the ions of the AP into all the sarcomeres.

Front 34

Sacroplasmic Reticulum –

Back 34

Releases calcium when triggered by the AP. Calcium allows the actin to attach to the myosin.

Front 35

Tropomyosin –

Back 35

A protein that binds to the actin’s binding spot, preventing it from binding to myosin

Front 36

Graded Muscle’s Response –

Back 36

The muscle’s ability to adjust to the demands placed on it.

Front 37

Summation –

Back 37

When two APs come close together, the second one is stronger than the first one. Can lead to sustains contractions (tetnus)

Front 38

Concentric –

Back 38

Muscles that work by shortening.

Front 39

Eccentric –

Back 39

Muscle does work by lengthening.

Front 40

Isometric contractions –

Back 40

Muscle length remains the same.

Front 41

A muscle contains many...

Back 41

fascicles

Front 42

A fascicle contains many...

Back 42

fibers (cells)

Front 43

A fiber contains many...

Back 43

microfibrils

Front 44

A microfibril contains many...

Back 44

sarcomeres

Front 45

A sarcomere contains many...

Back 45

myofillaments

Front 46

Three joint types:

Back 46

Synarthroses, Amphiarthroses, and Synovial

Front 47

Circumflexion

Back 47

to bend around/curve

Front 48

Abduct

Back 48

away from the body

Front 49

Adduction

Back 49

towards the body

Front 50

Flex

Back 50

Contract

Front 51

Extend

Back 51

relax/lengthen

Front 52

Rotating

Back 52

To turn medially and laterally

Front 53

Dorsiflexion

Back 53

pointing the toes towards the ceiling

Front 54

pantar flexion

Back 54

Pointing the toes toward the ground