A&p I - Lecture - Week Of 11/1

Front 1

I) Olfactory –

Back 1

Smell. Exits out the cribiform plate. (purely sensory)

Front 2

II) Optic Nerve –

Back 2

Vision. Exits out the optic canal (purely sensory)

Front 3

III) Oculomotor –

Back 3

Moves the eyeball. Constricts the pupil and changes the shape of the lens. Exits through the superior orbital fissure. (Purely motor)

Front 4

IV) Trochlear –

Back 4

Moves an eye muscle. Exits out the superior orbital fissure. (Purely motor)

Front 5

V) Trigeminal

Back 5

Splits into three: V-1 Optalamic.
V-2: Maxillary. V-3: Mandibular

Front 6

V – 1: Optalamic.

Back 6

Sense of feeling for cornea and foreheard. Exits our superior orbital fissure. (sensory)

Front 7

V – 2: Maxillary.

Back 7

Sense or touch on maxilla. (sensory)

Front 8

V – 3: Mandibular

Back 8

Sense of touch on lower jaw and teeth. Moves chewing muscles (Sensory and motor)

Front 9

VI) Abducens –

Back 9

Moves eyeball. Exits out superior orbital fissure. (Motor)

Front 10

VII) Facial –

Back 10

Directs facial expressions. Sense of taste. Exits out stylomastoid foramen(sensory and motor)

Front 11

VIII) Vestibulococholear –

Back 11

Hearing and balance. (Purely sensory)

Front 12

IX) Glossopharyngeal –

Back 12

Gives some sense of taste and directs swallowing. Exits out juglar foramen. (Sensory and motor)

Front 13

X) Vagus –

Back 13

Means “wander”. It is the only cranial never to go below the shoulders. Receives sensory from the viscera. Exits out the Jugular Foramen (sensory and motor)

Front 14

XI) Spinal Accessory –

Back 14

Moves trapeizious and sternocleidomastoid. Exits our Jugular forman.

Front 15

XII) Hypolglossal –

Back 15

Moves tongue. Exits our the hypoglossal canal.

Front 16

Somatic Motor Neuron:

Back 16

Only 1 Neuron//Cell Body: In the ventral horn//Originates from: All 31 spinal nerves and ALL CN except I, II, VII, X//Synapses on: Affecter Organ (always a skeletal nerve)//Neurotransmitter of choice: Acetylcholine// Myelinated: Throughout axon

Front 17

Sympathetic Neuron:

Back 17

2 Neurons: Short pre-ganglion fiber, long post-ganglion fiber// Cell Body: 1st) Ventral Horn. 2nd) Sympathetic chain ganglia or collateral ganglia// Originates from: Ventral horn of T1-L2// Synapses: 1st) Sympathetic Chain/Collateral ganglia. 2nd)Affecter Organ (gland, cardiac muscle, or smooth muscle)// Neurotransmitter of choice: 1st) Acetylcholine. 2nd) Norepinephrine//Myelinated: Light to none on pre-ganglionic fiber

Front 18

Parasympathetic Neuron:

Back 18

2 Neurons: Long pre-ganglion fiber, short post-ganglion fiber// Cell Body: 1st) Sacral nerve. 2nd) Very close to affecter organ/Preveterbral ganglia.// Originates from: Sacral nerve and CN II, III, IX(most), X// Synapses: 1st) Sacral nerve. 2nd) Affecter Organ (gland, cardiac muscle, or smooth muscle)// Neurotransmitter of choice: 1st) Acetylcholine. 2nd) Norepinephrine// Myelinated: -no data-

Front 19

Sympathetic Chain Ganglia –

Back 19

A group of ganglia that runs up the side of the spine. Site of sympathetic nerve synapses.

Front 20

Collateral Ganglia –

Back 20

Sympathetic ganglia located in the abdomen.

Front 21

Endoneurium –

Back 21

“Inside nerve”. Encircles each axon.

Front 22

Perineurium –

Back 22

“Around nerve”. Wraps each group of axons into a fascicle.

Front 23

Epineurium –

Back 23

“Upon Nerve”. Wraps fascicles into nerves.

Front 24

Afferent nerves –

Back 24

Nerves that are carrying just sensory input.

Front 25

The three target organs not connected to parasympathetic nerves –

Back 25

Sweat glands, adrenal glands, and blood vessel walls

Front 26

B2 –

Back 26

Adrenergic receptors that stimulate the dilation of the bronchi in the lungs

Front 27

B1 –

Back 27

Adrenergic receptors that stimulate the cardiac muscle.

Front 28

Glycolysis –

Back 28

Breaking down glycogen into glucose.

Front 29

Digestive System

Back 29

Parasympathetic effect: Increases smooth muscles mobility and amount of secretion

Hint 29

Sympathetic effects: Decreases activity of digestive system and constricts sphincters

Front 30

Liver

Back 30

Parasympathetic effect: No effect

Hint 30

Sympathetic effects: Causes glucose to be released into the blood

Front 31

Lungs

Back 31

Parasympathetic effect: Constricts bronchioles

Hint 31

Sympathetic effects: Dilates bronchioles

Front 32

Urinary bladder

Back 32

Parasympathetic effect: Relaxes sphincters

Hint 32

Sympathetic effects: Constricts sphincters

Front 33

Kidneys

Back 33

Parasympathetic effect: No effect

Hint 33

Sympathetic effects: Decreased urine output

Front 34

Heart

Back 34

Decreases rate. Slows

Hint 34

Increases rate and force of heartbeat

Front 35

Blood vessels

Back 35

No effect on most blood vessels

Hint 35

Increases blood pressure and constricts the unnecessary while dilating the important ones

Front 36

Glands

Back 36

Stimulates; increase the production of saliva, tears, and gastric juices

Hint 36

Inhibits. Results in dry eyes and mouth

Front 37

Eyes (Iris)

Back 37

Stimulates constrictor muscles, constricts pupil

Hint 37

Stimulates dilator muscles, dilates pupils

Front 38

Eyes (ciliary muscle)

Back 38

Stimulates to increases bulging of lends for close vision Inhibits.

Hint 38

Decreases bulging of lens, prepares for distant vision

Front 39

Adrenal Medulla

Back 39

No effect

Hint 39

Simulates medulla cells to secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine

Front 40

Sweat glands

Back 40

No effect

Hint 40

Stimulates to produce perspiration

Front 41

Arrector Pili muscles

Back 41

No effect

Hint 41

Stimulates to produce goosebumps

Front 42

Penis/clitoris

Back 42

Causes erection/orgasm

Hint 42

Causes ejaculation

Front 43

Cellular metabolism

Back 43

No effect

Hint 43

Increase metabolic rate, increases blood sugar levels. Stimulates fat breakdown (polysis)

Front 44

Adipose tissue

Back 44

No effect

Hint 44

Stimulates fat breakdown