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19 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
dialect
Local or regional charateristics of a language
Indo-European languages
A language group that is spoken by about half the world's peoples and includes English, the most widely used language in this group.
isogloss
A geographic boundary within which a particular linguistic feature occurs
language
a systematic means of communicating ideas or feelings by the use of conventionalized signs, gestures, marks, or especially articulate vocal sounds
language family
A group of language subfamilies that identifies languages that are similar and come from the same origin
language subfamily
A group of language groups that more clearly defines the resemblance between two languages
language group
The smallest class of languages that consists of sets of individual languages and their similarities to other languages in the same group.
linguistic diversification
The ability to speak different languages and the languages that are prominent in a country
preliterate society
A society that cannot write out the language that they use and can only speak it in order to communicate
standard language
The variant of a language that a country's political and intellectual elite seek to promote as the norm for use in school, government, the media, and other aspects of life
creole
Ethnic term first applied in the Caribbean region to the native-born descendants of the Spanish conquerors and their local consorts
creolization
In a linguistic context, the process describing the convergence of two or more languages, forming a serperate, new language
Esperanto
A made-up Latin-based language, which its European proponents in the early twentieth century hoped would become a global language
lingua franca
A term deriving from "Frankish language" and appling to a toung spoken in ancient Mediterranean ports that consisted of a mixture of Italian, French, Greek, Spanisdh, and even some Arabic. today, it refers to a "common language" a second language that can be spoken and understood by many people.
monolingual states
Countries in which only one language is spoken and used to communicate
multilingual states
Countries in which more that one language is spoken and used to communicate, even though there is a primary language.
official language
In multilingual countries the language selected, often by the educated and politically powerful elite, to promote internal cohesion, and usually the language of the courts and the government
pidgin
A lingua franca that has been simplified and modified through contant with other languages.
toponymy
The study of the origins and meaning of place-names.