Ap Human Geography Unit 1

Front 1

Arable Land

Back 1

land that can be used for growing crops

Front 2

barrier to diffusion

Back 2

any conditions that interrupts the diffusion process.

Front 3

Permeable (barrier to diffusion)

Back 3

Some interruption

Front 4

Absorbing (barrier to diffusion)

Back 4

All gets interrupted

Front 5

Built environment

Back 5

refers to the human-made surroundings that provide the setting for human activity

Front 6

cartography

Back 6

The making of maps and charts

Front 7

coordinate system

Back 7

that enables every location on the Earth to be specified by a set of numbers and/or letters

Front 8

core-periphery pattern

Back 8

The core-periphery idea that the core houses main economic power of region and the outlying region or periphery houses lesser economic ties

Front 9

cultural geography

Back 9

the study of cultural products and norms and their variations across and relations to spaces and places.

Front 10

cultural landscape

Back 10

features on earths surface that reveal human occupation (cities bridges roads)

Front 11

culture region

Back 11

an geographical area that cover or seems to cover a definite, specific culture or ethnic group.

Front 12

Arithmetic density:

Back 12

The total number of people divided by the total land area. This is what most people think of as density; how many people per area of land.

Front 13

Physiological density

Back 13

The number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture. This is important because it relates to how much land is being used by how many people.

Front 14

agricultural density

Back 14

number of farmers to the amount of arable land

Front 15

expansion diffusion

Back 15

spread of a feature from one place to another in a snowballing process (slowly gathering more people/growing bigger)

Front 16

hierarchical diffusion

Back 16

The spread of an idea from persons or nodes of authority or power to other persons or places (Ex: hip-hop/rap music)

Front 17

contagious diffusion

Back 17

The rapid, widespread diffusion of a characteristic throughout the population. (Ex: ideas placed on the internet)

Front 18

relocation diffusion

Back 18

The spread of an idea through physical movement of people from one place to another. Ex: spread of AIDS from New York, California, & Florida.

Front 19

stimulus diffusion

Back 19

the spread of an underlying principle, even though a characteristic itself apparently fails to diffuse. (Ex: PC & Apple competition, p40)

Front 20

absolute direction

Back 20

the exact direction on a compass down to the degrees, minutes, and seconds

Front 21

relative direction

Back 21

is the general direction such as north south east and west

Front 22

Absolute location:

Back 22

Position on Earth’s surface using the coordinate system of longitude (that runs from North to South Pole) and latitude (that runs parallel to the equator).

Front 23

Relative location:

Back 23

Position on Earth’s surface relative to other features. (Ex: My house is west of 394).

Front 24

circular distribution

Back 24

circle

Front 25

clustered/agglomerated/concentrated distribution

Back 25

If the objects in an area are close together

Front 26

dispersed distribution

Back 26

If objects in an area are relatively far apart

Front 27

linear distribution

Back 27

straight

Front 28

random distribution

Back 28

not a specific pattern

Front 29

rectilinear (grid pattern) distribution

Back 29

in grid

Front 30

friction of distance (time-distance decay)

Back 30

refers to the decrease or loss of similarity between two observations as the distance between them increases

Front 31

accessibility (distance decay)

Back 31

deduces distance decay. easier to talk. easier to travel

Front 32

connectivity (distance decay)

Back 32

more connected less distance decay. uses internet, phone

Front 33

geographic information system (GIS)

Back 33

a computer system that stores, organizes, analyzes, and displays geographic data

Front 34

geography

Back 34

Geo- earth
graphy- to write or describe

Front 35

global positioning system (GPS)

Back 35

a system that determines the precise position of something on earth through a series of satellites, tracking stations, and receivers

Front 36

hearth

Back 36

the place from which an innovation originates; diffuses from there to other places

Front 37

independent invention

Back 37

an idea or invention that was not spread to another area
through diffusion but was invented separately. For example, farming was
invented in various regions of the world at different times independently.

Front 38

interaction

Back 38

relationship between things

Front 39

absolute location

Back 39

exact location on earth (ex. your address) latitude and longitude

Front 40

relative location

Back 40

comparing once location to another (ex. one block north from the Northridge mall)

Front 41

Name Map distortions

Back 41

 shape
 distance
 size
 direction

Front 42

map interruption

Back 42

attempt a compromise, cutting the terrestrial surface along some arbitrarily chosen lines and projecting each section

Front 43

map projection

Back 43

Mercator
 Robinson
 homolosine

Front 44

A projection of a map of the world onto a cylinder in such a way that all the parallels of latitude have the same length as the equator, used esp. for marine charts and certain climatological maps

Back 44

Mercator

Front 45

avoids interruptions like Homolosine projection. areas look larger at high latitudes

Back 45

Robinson

Front 46

an equal-area projection map of the globe; oceans are distorted in order to minimize the distortion of the continents.

Back 46

homolosine

Front 47

graphic

Back 47

0 ...........5............10
l ______l_______l

Front 48

word statement

Back 48

one inch equals one kilometer

Front 49

fractional/ratio

Back 49

1:1,000

Front 50

node

Back 50

a centralized location everyone in a functional region is connected to
(like Granada High School)

Front 51

Al-Iridisi

Back 51

prepared world map and geography text in 1154, building on Ptolemy's work.

Front 52

Aristotle

Back 52

first to demonstrate that earth was spherical

Front 53

Eratosthenes

Back 53

first person to record the work geography and calculated it circumference within a remarkable 0.5 percent accuracy. prepared earliest maps with 5 correct climate regions

Front 54

Perkins Marsh, George

Back 54

Inventor, diplomat, politician, and scholar, his classic work, Man and Nature, or Physical Geography as Modified by Human Action, provided the first description of the extent to which natural systems had been impacted by human actions.

Front 55

Ptolemy

Back 55

wrote an 8-volume Guide to Geography. codified basic principles of map making and prepared numerous maps.

Front 56

Sauer, Carl

Back 56

adopted regional studies

Front 57

Thales

Back 57

applied principals of geometry to measure land area

Front 58

cardinal directions

Back 58

North, East, South, West

Front 59

equator

Back 59

imaginary line that divides the northern and southern hemispheres

Front 60

hemisphere

Back 60

half a sphere

Front 61

intermediate directions

Back 61

NE-North East
NW- North West
SE- South East
SW- South West

Front 62

International Date Line

Back 62

180 Degrees Longitude

Front 63

latitude

Back 63

distance or location North or South of the equator

Front 64

longitude

Back 64

distance or location East or West of the Prime Meridian

Front 65

meridians

Back 65

Name of lines of longitude

Front 66

parallels

Back 66

name of lines of latitude

Front 67

prime meridian

Back 67

imaginary line that divides the western and eastern hemispheres

Front 68

quadrant

Back 68

when you cut the earth into fourths

Front 69

reference map

Back 69

show locations of places (EX. physical maps, political, road)

Front 70

vernacular region/Perceptual Region

Back 70

ex. The South
What the people of the area think they are

Front 71

formal/uniform/homogenous region

Back 71

is an area within which everyone shares in common one or mare distinctive characteristics. The shared feature could be a cultural value such as a common language, or an environmental climate. (EX. CORN GROWING AREA)

Front 72

functional/Nodal region

Back 72

connect the houses of Granada students. area is a functional region

Front 73

perceptual region

Back 73

reflect human feelings or attitudes about it. It's more of an opinion than known things.

Front 74

regionalization

Back 74

.

Front 75

sense of place

Back 75

your feelings about a location

Front 76

site

Back 76

The physical character of place; what is found at the location and why it is significant

Front 77

situation

Back 77

The location of a place relative to other places

Front 78

spatial

Back 78

Physical location of geographic phenomena across SPACE

Front 79

remote sensing

Back 79

the acquisition of data about Earth's surface from a satellite orbiting the planet or from another long-distance methods

Front 80

scale of inquiry

Back 80

looking at different sizes of areas (state, nation,
hemisphere, continent)

Front 81

cartogram

Back 81

map that distorts size of an area to show magnitude

Front 82

choropleth

Back 82

map that used colors or shading to indicate magnitude

Front 83

flow map

Back 83

show movement with arrows thicker arrow > more

Front 84

isoline

Back 84

can measure anything (weather, temperature) any changes over a distance

Front 85

topographic map

Back 85

used isolines to illustrate changes in elevation

Front 86

statistical map

Back 86

.

Front 87

dot map

Back 87

uses dots to indicate magnitude

Front 88

proportional symbol

Back 88

uses symbols of different sizes to represent data associated with different areas or locations within the map.

Front 89

preference map

Back 89

.

Front 90

mental map

Back 90

map in your head. each person's map is different

Front 91

time zones

Back 91

every 15 degree longitude

Front 92

topography

Back 92

.The arrangement of the natural and artificial physical features of an area.

Front 93

transition zone

Back 93

area or place with more than 1 type of properties, the properties can be related to weather conditions, topography, physical features.

Front 94

why of where

Back 94

.