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88 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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cartography
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the science of making maps
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changing attributes of place
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the way land is changed as modernization and migration "take away" in the inhabited space
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built landscape
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an area of land represented by its features and patterns of human occupation and use of natural resources
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sequent occupance
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notion that successive societies leave cultural imprints each building up to the cumulative cultural landscape
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cultural attributes
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something specific to a certain culture
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cultural landscape
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the fashioning of a natural landscape by a cultural group
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culture
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the body of customary beliefs, social forms and material traits that together constitutes a group's distinct tradition
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density
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the frequency with which something exists within a given area
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arithmetic density
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the total number of people divided by the total land area
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physiological density
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the number of people per unit of area of arable land
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diffusion
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the spread of a feature or trend from one place to another
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hearth
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the region from which innovative ideas originate
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relocation diffusion
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the spread of a feature or trend through bodily movement of people from one place to another
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expansion diffusion
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the spread of a feature or trend among people from acne area in an additive process
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hierarchical diffusion
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the spread if a feature or trend from one key person or node of authority or power to other persons or places
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contagious diffusion
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the spread of a feature or trend throughout a population
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stimulus diffusion
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the spread of an underlying principle even though a specific characteristic is rejected
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direction
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determination of where things are in relation to others
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absolute direction
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compass direction
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relative direction
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directions based on people's perspective
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concentration
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the spread of something over a given area
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dispersion
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the pattern of spacing among individuals within geographic boundaries
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dispersed/scattered
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relatively far apart
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clustered/agglomerted
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close together
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distance
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the amount of space between two objects
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absolute distance
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the space between two objects that can be measured with a standard unit length
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relative distance
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a measure of distance that includes the costs of overcoming friction of absolute distance separating two places, often described as the amount of social, cultural, or economic connectivity between the two places
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distribution
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the arrangement of something across Earth's surface
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environmental determinism
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a 19th century and early 20th century approach believed to be that the physical environment caused human activities
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globalization
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actions of processes that involve the entire world and results in making something worldwide
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location
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the position of anything on Earth's surface
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absolute location
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the position of place of a certain item on the surface of the Earth expressed in degrees, minutes, seconds of latitude and longitude
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relative location
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the regional position or situation of a place relative to the position of other places
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site
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the physical character of a place
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situation
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the location of a place relative to another
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place
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a specific point on Earth distinguished by one or more particular characteristics
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pattern
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the geometric or regular arrangement of something in a study area
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linear pattern
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a pattern of settlement that develops along a river, road, or along a valley in a line, straight pattern
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centralized pattern
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clustered or concentrated at a certain place
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random pattern
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a pattern with no specific order or environment that has been affected by human activities
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physical attributes
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physical characteristics (size, location)
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natural landscape
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a physical landscape or environment that has not been affected by human activities
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possibilism
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the theory that the physical environment may set limits on human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to the physical environment and chose a course of action from alternatives
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preservation
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the maintenance of resources in their present condition, with as little human impact as possible
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region
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am area distinguished by a unique combination of trends or features
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formal/uniform region
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defined by administrative or governmental boundaries
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fuctional/nodal region
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an area organized around a function
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perceptual/vernacular region
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an area defined by a person's perception
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regional (cultural landscape) studies
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an approach to geography that emphasizes the relationships among social and physical phenomena in a particular study area
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resource
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a substance in the environment that is useful to people, economically and technologically feasible to access and is socially acceptable to use
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renewable resource
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something produced in nature more rapidly than it is consumed by humans
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scale/ implied degree of generalization
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generally, the relationship between the portion of the Earth being studied and the Earth as a whole
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size
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the physical dimensions, proportions, magnitude or extent of an object
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space
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physical gap or interval between two objects
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spatial (of or pertaining to save on or near Earth's surface)
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synonym for geography and used to describe specific geographic concepts or processes
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spatial interaction
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the movement and flows involving human activity
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accessibility
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the opportunity for contact or interaction from a given point, in relation to other locations
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connectivity
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the directness of routes linking pairs of places: an indication of the degree of internal connection, in a transport network; all of the tangible and intangible means of connection and communication between places
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network
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the area pattern of sets of places and the routes (links) connecting them along which movement can take place
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distance decay
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the diminishing in importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomena with increasing distance from its origin
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friction of distance
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a measure of the retarding or restricting effect of distance on spatial interaction, the greater the distance, the greater the "friction" and the less the interaction or exchange, or the greater cost of achieving the exchange
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sustainability
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the use of the Earth's renewable and non renewable natural resources in ways that do not constrain resource use in the future
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distortion
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the alteration of the original shape of a 3D image after being transfered into a 2D image
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geographic information system (GIS)
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a computer system that stores, organizes, analyzes, and displays, geographic data
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global positioning system (GPS)
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a system that determines the precise location of something on Earth's surface through a series of satellites, tracking stations, and receivers
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grid
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a pattern of straight numbered lines printed on a map so that the exact location of a place can be referred to
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North and South Poles
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the northernmost and southernmost points of the Earth
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latitude
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the numbering system used to indicate the locations of parallels drawn on a globe and measuring distance north and south of the equator
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parallel
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a circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator and at right angles to the meridians
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longitude
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the numbering system used to indicate the location of the meridians drawn on a globe measuring distance east to west of the Prime Meridian
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meridian
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an arc drawn on a map between the north and south poles
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Prime Meridian
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the meridian designated as 0° longitude that passes through the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, England
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International Date Line
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an arc that for the most part follows 180° longitude, although it deviates in several different places to avoid dividing land areas
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map
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a two dimensional or flat representation of Earth's sugar face or a portion of it
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map scale
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the relationship between the size of an object on a map and the size of the actual feature on the Earth's surface
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thematic map
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a map that displays spatial patterns of a theme or series of attributes
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statistical map
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a type of map in which the variation of quantity in a factor, such as rainfall, population, or crops in a geographic area is indicated
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cartogram
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a map on which statistical information is shown in a diagramatic form
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dot map
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a map type that uses a dot symbol to show the presence of a feature or phenomena (rely on a visual scatter to show spatial pattern)
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chorpleth map
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a thematic map in which areas are shaded or pattern in proportion to the measurement of the statistical variable being displayed on the map (population density)
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isoline
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a line on a map or chart along which there is a constant value (temperature or rainfall)
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mental map
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a representation of a portion of Earth's surface based on what an individual knows about a place, containing personal impressions of what is in the place and where the place is located
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model
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a 3D representation or an object typically smaller than the original
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projection
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a system used to transfer locations from Earth's surface to a flat map
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remote sensing
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the acquisition of data about Earth's surface from a satellite orbiting the planet or from another long distance method
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time zones
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the 24 regions or divisions of the globe approximately coinciding wi the meridians at successive hours from the observatory at Greenwich, England
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geographic information sciences (GIScience)
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the development and analysis of data about Earth acquired through satellite and other information technology
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mash-up
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practice of overlaying data from one source on to one of another source
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