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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Demography
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Study of population characteristics
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Arable Land
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land suitable for agriculture
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Physiological density
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number of people supported by a unit of arable land
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Agricultural density
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ratio of number of farmers to amount of arable land
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Crude Birth Rate (CBR)
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number of live births per year per 1000 people alive
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Crude Death Rate (CDR)
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number of deaths per year per 1000 people alive
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National Increase Rate (NIR)
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percentage a population grows in a year (can be noted as CBR-CDR)
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Doubling time
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number of years needed to double a population
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Total Fertility Rate
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average number of kids a woman well have in her child bearing years (15-49 years old)
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Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)
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annual number of deaths of infants under 1 year old
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Life Expectancy
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average number of years someone will be expected to live
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Demographic transition
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rate of change in a society's population, represented in stages referring to the CBR and CDR
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Agricultural Revolution
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time when humans domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering
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Industrial Revolution
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major improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods and delivering them to market
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Sex Ratio
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number of males per 100 females
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Population Pyramid
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bar graph representing the distribution of population by age and sex
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Dependency ratio
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number of people aged 0-14 and 65+ years old (or can't work) compared to the number of people in their productive years
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Ecumene
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portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement
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Migration
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permanent move to or from a new location
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Emigration
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migration FROM a location
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immigration
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migration TO a new location
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circulation
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short term or repeated movement on a regular basis
(ex. going to school every day) |
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refugee
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people who have been forced out can not return to their home country out of fear of persecution due to race, nationality, membership, or political standing
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floodplain
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area subject to flooding according to a certain pattern of years
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medical revolution
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medical technology invented in Europe and North America that is diffused to the poorer countries of Latin America, Asia, and Africa. Improved medical practices have eliminated many traditional causes of death in poorer countries
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Zero population growth (ZPG)
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when the CBR = CDR and the national increase rate (NIR) is almost 0
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Seasonal mobility
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moving from a location temporarily according to a season
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mobility
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movement from one place to another
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quota
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in geography, a maximum limit of the number of immigrants to a country
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brain drain
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large scale emigration by talented people
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chain migration
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migrations of people due to relatives or members of the same nationality migrating to a certain country
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internal migration
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permanent movement within the same country
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interregional migration
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permanent movement from one region to another
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intraregional migration
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permanent movement within the same region
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voluntary migration
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migration that is by choice
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forced migration
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migration that is compelled due to cultural reasons
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migration transition
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changes in a society comparable to demographic transition
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international migration
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permanent movement from one country to another
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push factor
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induces people to move out of their present location
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pull factor
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induces people to move to a new place
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arithmetic density/population density
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total number of people divided by the total land area
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overpopulation
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number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living
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population geography
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focuses on the number, composition, and distribution of human beings on earth's surface
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distribution
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arrangement of locations on Earth's surface where people live
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dot maps
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a way to draw populations, where each dot represents a certain number of people
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carrying capacity
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number of people an area can support on a sustained basis
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population explosion
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trend of rapid population increases in places
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epidemiological transition
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distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition
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distance decay
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decline of an activity or function with increasing distance from its point of origin
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step migration
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long distance migration done in stages
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intervening opportunity
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good opportunities that occur along the path of migration
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gravity model
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measure of the interaction of places
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critical distance
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distance beyond which cost, effort, and means strongly influence willingness to travel
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intervening obstacles
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physical or environemntal features that halt or sloe migration from one place to another
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out-migration
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more people emigrate from a country than immigrate to it
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in-migration
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more people immigrate to a country than emigrate from it
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dislocation
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people forced from their home due to ethnic strife, war, or disasters
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migration seletivity
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tendency for certain types of people to move
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activity space
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area in which an individual moves about as he or she pursures regular day-to-day activities
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space-time prism
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sets limits for activities on an everyday basis
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