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42 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Annexation

the formal act of acquiring something (especially territory) by conquest or occupation

Antarctica

No one owns it

Apartheid

a legal system that was the physical speration of different races into different geographic areas

Balanization

Process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities

Border landscape

There are two types, exclusionary and inclusionary. Exclusionary is meant to keep people out, such as the border between the U.S. and Mexico. Inclusionary is meant to facilitate trade and movement, such as the U.S.-Canada border

Buffer state

a small neutral state between two rival powers

Capital

Principle city in a state or country. The best place to locate a capital is at the center of a country, so it is a somewhat equal distance from all parts of the country.

Centrifugal


tending to move away from a center

Centripetal

tending to move toward a center

City-state

a city with political and economic control over the surrounding countryside

Colonialism

exploitation by a stronger country of weaker one

Confederation

the act of forming an alliance or confederation

Conference of Berlin (1884)

Regulated trade and colonization in Africa. It formalized the scramble to gain colonies in Africa and set up boundaries for each country's colonies.

Core/periphery

a model of the spatial structure of development in which underdeveloped countries are defined by their dependence on a developed core region

Decolonization

the action of changing from colonial to independent status

Devolution

the process of declining from a higher to a lower level of effective power or vitality or essential quality

Domino theory

the political theory that if one nation comes under Communist control then neighboring nations will also come under Communist control

Exclusive Economic Zone EEZ

enerally a state's EEZ extends to a distance of 200 nautical miles (370 km) out from its coast. The exception to this rule occurs when EEZs would overlap; that is, state coastal baselines are less than 400 nautical miles apart. When an overlap occurs, it is up to the states to delineate the actual boundary.[1] Generally, any point within an overlapping area defaults to the most proximate state

Electoral regions

The study of the interactions among space, place and region and the conduct and results of elections.

Enclave/exclave

an enclosed territory that is culturally distinct from the foreign territory that surrounds it

Ethnic conflict

type of conflict that occurs when different tribes are lumped together to form a country

European union

an international organization of European countries formed after World War II to reduce trade barriers and increase cooperation among its members

Federal

A political-territorial system wherein a central government represents the various entities within a nation-state where they have common interests

Natural Boundary


When a physical feature such as a mountain or river determine a political boundary

Physical Boundary


Political Boundaries that correspond with physical features such as mountains or rivers.

Boundary Disputes (Defintional)


dispute over language issues

Boundary Disputes (Locational)


dispute over where a boundary is placed

Boundary Disputes (Operational)


dispute over management of a boundary

Boundary Disputes (Allocational)


dispute over who owns the resources

Boundary Origin (Antecedent)



a boundary line established before an area is populated

Boundary Origin (Subsequent)


a boundary line established after an area has been populated that considered the social and cultural characteristics of the area

Boundary Origin (Superimposed)


boundary that is imposed on the cultural landscape, ignoring pre-existing cultural patterns (typically a colonial boundary)

Boundary Origin (Relic)


old political boundaries that no longer exist as international borders, but that have left an enduring mark on the local cultural or environmental geography

Boundary Process


defining the boundary itself

Boundary Process (Delimitaion)


drawing it on a map

Boundary Process (Demarcation)


setting up a physical boundary

Forward Capital

A forward capital is a symbolically relocated capital city usually because of either economic or strategic reasons. A forward capital is sometimes used to integrate outlying parts of a country into the state. An example would be Brasília

Frontier

A zone separating two states in which neither state exercises political control.


Geopolitics

The state's power to control space or territory and shape the foreign policy of individual states and international political relations

Gerrymander

Process of redrawing legislative boundaries for the purpose of benefiting the party in power.

Global commons

is that which no one person or state may own or control and which is central to life. A global common contains an infinite potential with regard to the understanding and advancement of the biology and society of all life. (Forests, oceans, land mass and cultural identity)

Heartland/rimland

Hypothesis proposed by Halford MacKinder that held that any political power based in the heart of Eurasia could gain enough strength to eventually dominate the world./ Nicholas Spykman's theory that the domination of the coastal fringes of Eurasia would provided the base for world conquest.