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132 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Place
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A specific point on Earth.
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Region
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Areas of unique characteristics that all people in area share.
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Cartography
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science of map making
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Distortion
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change in the shape, distance, relative size, and directions of oceans and contents when transferring round earth to a flat map.
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Projections
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The system used to transfer locations on Earth's surface to a flat map
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Site ~
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Physical characteristics of an area.
Example: Climate, Mountains, Oceans, ect. |
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Situation
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Location based on the things around it.
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Robinson's Map
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Pro
Useful for presenting information across the ocean. Con Because space is given to oceans the land appears smaller when compared to other maps. |
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Mercator Map
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Pro
Has little distortion, consistent direction, and is conveniently shaped. Con Distortion towards poles causes the to appear larger |
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Distance Decay
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The further you travel form something contact and influence diminishes until it is completely absent.
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Geography
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The study of where things are found on Earth's surface and the reasons for their location.
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Who first demonstrated the world was round?
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Aristotle
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Who was the first person to use the term geography?
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Eratosthenes
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When was the age of discovery and what happened?
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16th centenary.
Cartographers (map makers) got info from sailors to create more detailed maps and more accurate out lines of continents. |
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Scale
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A range of values creating a system of measurement
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Large-Scale Maps are useful for finding ________ where things are.
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Exactly where things are.
Close up detailed images of a small area. Example: Maps you get of a theme park or of a city. |
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Small-Scale Maps are useful for finding _________ where things are.
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generally where things are.
Zoomed out broad images of a large area Example: World map, Map of the U.S.A. |
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Remote sensing
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Getting information about Earth's surface from satellites orbiting Earth.
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Geography Information system (GIS)
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Computer system that can capture, store, analyze and display geographic information.
It can store layers of data that will over lay when looking at a created map. For Example, a geographer can see how water was correlate with high cancer rates. |
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Global Positioning system (GPS)
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Used to mathematically pin point ones exact potion on Earth's Surface.
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Toponym
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Name given to a place on Earth.
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What Place is designated at 0 degrees longitude?
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Prime Meridian
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What is the name for the line drawn at 0 degrees longitude?
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equator
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How many time zones are there?
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24
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How many degrees of longitude do you need to travel across to pass through one hour?
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15 degrees
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Functional Region
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An area organized around a node or focal point.
Example: A radio station is strongest from the area of broadcast then fades across distance. |
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Vernacular Region (mental map) (perceptual region)
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A place that people believes exists as part of their culture.
Sense of place verses a physical map. |
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Cultural Ecology
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The geographic study of human- enviorment relationships.
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Environmental Determinism
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The study of how the physical environment caused social development.
Now discredited. |
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Possiblism
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Environmental factors may limit some human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to their environment.
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How many major climates and what are they?
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5 major climates
Tropical Dry Warm Cold Polar |
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Polder
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A piece of land made by draining water from the area
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Density
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How often something occurs in space.
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Space Time Compression
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reduction in the time it takes for something to reach another place.
We revive and know about things comparatively faster. |
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Hearth
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Place from which something originates
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Diffusion
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The process by which characteristics spread across space.
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Mathematical location
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exact location
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Formal Region
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All people in that area share a specific characteristic.
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Friction of Distance
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Increase in the time and cost to maintain communication that comes with increasing distance.
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demography
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The scientific study of population characteristics
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Population Density
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Number of people occupying an area of land.
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Over population
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When the resources available can not support the number of people.
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Arithmetic density
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Total number of people divided by total amount of land.
Low Arithmetic density: MDC High Arithmetic density: LDC - Larger population. |
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Agricultural density
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The ratio of number of farmers to the amount of arable land.
Low Agricultural density: MDC technology frees up need for more workers. High Agricultural density: LDC Less technology in need of more labor |
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Physiological density
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The number of people per unit of area of arable land, land suitable for agriculture.
Low Physiological Density: MDC High Physiological Density: LDC |
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Stage One of the DTM
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CBR and CDR are high.
Agricultural revolution occurred to transition to stage 2. No country remains in stage one. |
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Stage Two of the DTM
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Still high CBR. Slightly lower CDR.
Food is more available. Medical and industrial revolution occurred to transition into stage 3. |
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Stage Three of the DTM
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Slightly declining CBR. Much Lower CDR.
Better family planing and education for women to transition into stage 4. |
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Stage Four of the DTM
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Low CBR and CDR. Low NIR.
Generally good economies. A country in stage four is an MDC. |
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Stage Five of the DTM
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Very low CBR and CDR. Close to zero population growth or declining population. More people are emigrating then Immigrating and/or more people are dying then being born.
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What are the most populated regions of the world?
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East Asia (China)
South Asia (India) South East Asia (Indonesia) Europe Eastern North America West Africa |
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Non-ecumene
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Places on Earth where no one lives.
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List for environments that are generally sparely populated.
Hint: Think area with harsh conditions. |
Dry Lands- Bad for farming
Wet lands- Levels of precipitation make it an undesirable place to live. Cold lands- Plants can't survive in cold. High lands- Often snowy. Hard to get around and bad for crops |
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Crude Birth Rates
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The total number of live births in a year for every 1000 people
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Crude Death Rate
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The total number of deaths per year for every 1000 people
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Natural Increase Rate
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Percentage by which a population grows each year.
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In what year did NIR peak?
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1965 to 2.2%
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How many people are being added to the world population each year?
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80 million.
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In what regions of the world does the most growth occur?
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Africa, Middle East, and South America.
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Total Fertility rate (TFR)
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Average number of children a women will have through out her child birthing years.
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Global average for TFR?
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2.6 children.
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Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)
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Annual death of infants under 1 year of age.
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Life Expectancy
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The number of years an infant is expected to live.
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What is a MDC and LDC?
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More Developed country and Less Developed Country
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Dependency Ratio
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Number of people who are too young or too old to work. Age groups 0-14 and people above 65.
High Dependency Ratio: LDC - have more kids. Low Dependency Ratio : MDC - better family planning fewer kids. |
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Thomas Malthus on overpopulation
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Population growing faster than resources.
Exponential population increase. 1,2,4,16,32 Arithmetic Recourse increase. 1,2,3,4 50 years from now 4 people: 3 units of food. Neo Malthusians opinions. Few countries in stage 2 when theory written. Could not have predicted lager growth. War and civil violence increase decreases population not taken into account. |
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Doubling time
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The amount of time it takes for a population to double.
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Epidemiological Transition
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Stage 1- Black Plague
Stage 2- Cholera Stage 3- Degenerative or human caused disease. Stage 4- Obesity |
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Net Migration
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The difference between the level of immigration and emigration.
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Emigration
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People moving out of region.
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Immigration
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People moving into a region.
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Refuge
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Someone forced to flee their country due to dangerous situations or threat of execution do to their self identity or political situation.
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Guest Workers
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People who migrate to a MDC in search of higher paying jobs.
Usually migrate to Western Europe from Southern and Eastern Europe or west Africa. |
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Intervening obstacles
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An environmental or cultural factor that hinders migration.
Example: Mountains, Oceans, Country boarders, Languages. |
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Chain Migration
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When one person or family unit moves and later family of friends follow.
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What is the main reason people migrate?
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Economic reasons.
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Pull Factor
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Something that draws someone to an area.
Example: Good economy, Nice weather, Democracy, Chain migration. |
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Push Factor
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Something that influences someone to leave their country.
Example: Dictatorship, Lack of food and work, too hot or cold. |
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The greatest number of migrants travel _______ distances.
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Short distances.
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People in ______ areas migrate less then people in _______ areas.
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People in Rural areas migrate less then people in Urban areas.
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Do males or females migrate more? Why?
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Males.
To find work and send home remittance. Women stay behind to watch children. |
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Most Migrants are between what ages?
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20-34.
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remittance
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Money earned in one country and sent back to a family on another country.
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Internal Migration
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Migration within a country.
Example: Moving from New york to California. |
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Interregional Migration
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Movement from one region of a country to another.
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Mobility
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The ability to move from one place to another.
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Step Migration
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Series of Movements to final destination.
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Intervening opportunity
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On one step to destination, pull factors encourage the migrant to settle there.
Example: Goal is Washington, but you stop at your friend in Oregon's house and they offer you a job so you decide to live there instead. |
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From where does America receive the most immigrants.
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Mexico
China India Cuba Philippines |
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What did the Quota act of 1921 and National Origins Act of 1924 do?
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Put a limit to how many people could enter the U.S.A. each year.
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Brain Drain
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Large scale Emigration from LDC by talented people.
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Most Famous example of large scale migration in the U.S?
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The opening of new western lands which involved the California, Washington and Oregon trails.
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Possibilism
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Theory that the physical environment may set limits on human actions, but people have ability to adjust to and change their physical environment.
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Diffusion
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The spreading of a feature from one place to another over time.
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Cultural Ecology
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Geographic approach that emphasizes human-environment relationship.
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Cultural landscape
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The fashioning of a natural landscape by a cultural group.
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Taboo
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Restriction on behavior imposed by social costumes
American Examples: cannibalism or incest. |
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Popular culture is usually found and practiced in ______?
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Popular culture is usually found and practiced in more developed countries (MDC).
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Popular culture is generally _________ driven.
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Popular culture is generally consumer driven.
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Costumes
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A large scale Frequently repeated act by a group of people that becomes rooted in culture.
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Hierarchical Diffusion
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The spread of an idea from figures of authority to the people.
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Contagious Diffusion
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Rapid wide spread diffusion of a characteristic of throughout the population.
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Stimulus Diffusion
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Spread of an underlying principle despite that the characteristic itself fails to diffuse.
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Folk culture is _______ changing.
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Folk culture is rapidly changing.
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Folk culture is _________ passed down.
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Folk culture is orally passed down.
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Habit
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Repetitive act preformed by one person.
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What is the most popular sport in the world?
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Soccer.
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Consumption of what two products are most common in areas of popular culture?
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Alcohol and Snack foods.
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Most effective and common way to spread popular culture?
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Television.
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Lingua Franca
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A language commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages.
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Dialect
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A regional variation of a language distinguished by vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation.
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Isogloss
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A boundary that separate regions in which different language usages is predominant.
A language boundary.... |
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Pidgin Language
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Form of speech that adopts simplified grammar and limited vocabulary of a lingua francua.
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Creole Languages
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A language that results from the mixing of a colonizer's language with indigenous language of people being invaded.
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Language Family
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A group that is related by a common ancestral language before recorded history.
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Language branch
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Related by ancestral language of only 1000 years ago.
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Language Groups
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Share a common origin of recent past. Make up a Language Branch.
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How do all languages diffuse?
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Through relocation diffusion.
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Difference between British an American English?
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Vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation.
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How did Russian become the most important East Slavic language?
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Soviet Union officers forced natives to speak Russian.
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Most commonly spoken language in the world is?
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Mandarin.
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What are the three most popular branches of Christianity in order?
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Roman Catholic
Protestant Eastern orthodox. |
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What is the largest Universalizing religion?
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Christianity.
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What is the largest ethnic religion?
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Hinduism.
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Universalizing Religion
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Religion that appeals to multiple ethnicity and welcomes new followers.
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Ethnic Religion
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Religion one is generally born into and does not really accept new followers. Often has ties to physical landscape.
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The name of the Jewish holy book is the _________?
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Torah which is ONLY the old testate of the bible.
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The Islamic profit is ______________?
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Muhammad.
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The name if the Islamic holy book is the _________?
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Koran. Follows the new and old testate of Bible
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Branch
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Large and Fundamental division within a religion.
Example: Catholicism. |
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Denomination
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Division of a branch that groups a local congregation in a single legal administrative body.
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Sect
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Is a small group that broke off of a denomination.
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