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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
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Northwest Ordinance
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- Enacted in 1787, it is considered one of the most significant achievements of the Articles of Confederation. It established a system for setting up governments in the western territories so they could eventually join the Union on an equal footing with the original 13 states
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The Federalist
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- Essays promoting ratification of the Constitution, published anonymously by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison in 1787 and 1788.
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Shay's Rebellion
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- this conflict in Massachusetts caused many to criticize the Articles of Confederation and admit the weak central government was not working; uprising led by Daniel Shays in an effort to prevent courts from foreclosing on the farms of those who could not pay the taxes
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Robert Morris
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- A financer of the revolution. First Treasurer of the U.S. Signed the Constitution and the Dec. of Indep.
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Northwest Ordinance of 1785 -
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organized or allowed western lands to be sold
Northwest Ordinance of 1787 - Was passed by Congress in 1787. It set up a government of the Northwest Territory, guaranteed basic rights to settlers and outlawed slavery there. It also provided for the vast region to be divided into separate territories in the future. Provided a way to admit new states to the nation. Once a territory had a population of 60,000 free settlers, it would ask congress to be admitted as a new state. Each new state would be "on an equal footing with the original states in all respects whatsoever." IN time, the states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan and Wisconsin were created from the Northwest Territory. |
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Articles of Confederation
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- this document, the nations first constitution, was adopted by the second continental congress in 1781during the revolution. the document was limited because states held most of the power, and congress lacked the power to tax, regulate trade, or control coinage
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Baron de Montesquieu
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- French aristocrat who wanted to limit royal absolutism; Wrote The Spirit of Laws, urging that power be separated between executive, legislative, and judicial branches, each balancing out the others, thus preventing despotism and preserving freedom. This greatly influenced writers of the US Constitution. He greatly admired British form of government.
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nationalists
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- people who support a stronger central government
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natural rights
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- the idea that all humans are born with rights, which include the right to life, liberty, and property
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loyalists
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In general, a loyalist is someone who maintains loyalty to an established government, political party, or sovereign, especially during war or revolutionary change such as the Republicans in the Spanish Civil War in the late 1930s. In modern English usage, the most common application is to loyalty to the British Crown, which is the focus of this article.
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federalists & antifederalists
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The term federalist describes several political beliefs around the world. Also, it may refer to the concept of federalism or the type of government called a federation. In early United States history, the Federalist Party was one of the first political parties; its members or supporters called themselves Federalists
Anti-Federalism is a US political philosophy which opposes the concept of Federalism. In short, Anti-Federalists dictate that the central governing authority of a nation should be equal or inferior to, but not having more power than, its sub-national states (state government). A book titled "The Anti-Federalist Papers" is a detailed explanation of American Anti-Federalist thought. |
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commitee of detail
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The Committee of Detail was a committee established by the Philadelphia Convention on June 23, 1787 to put down a draft text reflecting the agreements made by the Convention up to that point, including the Virginia Plan's 15 resolutions. It was chaired by John Rutledge, and other members included Edmund Randolph, Oliver Ellsworth, James Wilson, and Nathaniel Gorham. The Convention adjourned from July 26 to August 6 to await the report of this committee. This report, when made, constituted the first draft of the United States Constitution, and much of what was contained in the final document was present in this draft.
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virginia plan
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a proposal by Virginia delegates, drafted by James Madison while he waited for a quorum to assemble at the Constitutional Convention of 1787
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john woolman
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was an American itinerant Quaker preacher, traveling throughout the American colonies, advocating against conscription, military taxation, and particularly slavery.
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primogeniture
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Primogeniture is the right, by law or custom, of the firstborn to inherit the entire estate, to the exclusion of younger siblings. Historically, the term implied male primogeniture, to the exclusion of females. According to the Norman tradition, the first-born son inherited the entirety of a parent's wealth, estate, title or office and then would be responsible for any further passing of the inheritance to his siblings. In the absence of children, inheritance passed to the collateral relatives, in order of seniority of the males of collateral lines.
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society of the cincinnati
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The Society of the Cincinnati is a historical organization with branches in the United States and France founded in 1783 to preserve the ideals and fellowship of the Revolutionary War officers and to pressure the government to honor pledges it had made to officers who fought for American independence.
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constitutional convention
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United States: Annapolis Convention (1786), which proposed what became the Philadelphia Convention (1787) – Drafted the United States Constitution for ratification by the states. Article V of the constitution sets forth a mechanism whereby future constitutional conventions can be held. The constitution has been amended several times since the Philadelphia Convention, but never (as of 2011) by this method.
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land ordinance of 1785
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The Land Ordinance of 1785 was adopted by the United States Congress on May 20, 1785. Under the Articles of Confederation, Congress did not have the power to raise revenue by direct taxation of the inhabitants of the United States. Therefore, the immediate goal of the ordinance was to raise money through the sale of land in the largely unmapped territory west of the original states acquired at the 1783 (Treaty of Paris) after the end of the Revolutionary War. Over three-fourths of the area of the continental United States ultimately came under the rectangular survey. This was important because it provided easily recognized land descriptions, which in turn contributed enormously to the orderly and largely peaceful occupation of the land. The rectangular survey also provided the units within which economic, political, and social development took place[
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articles of confederation
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The Articles of Confederation, formally the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, was the first constitution of the United States and specified how the Federal government was to operate, including adoption of an official name for the new nation, United States of America. The Second Continental Congress appointed a committee to draft the Articles in June 1776 and sent the draft to the states for ratification in November 1777
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jay-gardoqui treaty
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The Jay–Gardoqui Treaty (also known as the Liberty Treaty with Spain) of 1789 between the United States and Spain guaranteed Spain's exclusive right to navigate the Mississippi River for 30 years. It also opened Spain's European and West Indian seaports to American shipping. However, the Treaty was not ratified under the Articles of Confederation.
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the spirit of laws
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a treatise on political theory first published anonymously by Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu in 1748 with the help of Claudine Guérin de Tencin. Originally published anonymously partly because Montesquieu's works were subject to censorship, its influence outside of France was aided by its rapid translation into other languages. In 1750 Thomas Nugent published the first English translation. In 1751
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3/5 compromise
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The Three-Fifths compromise was a compromise between Southern and Northern states reached during the Philadelphia Convention of 1787 in which three-fifths of the population of slaves would be counted for enumeration purposes regarding both the distribution of taxes and the apportionment of the members of the United States House of Representatives. It was proposed by delegates James Wilson and Roger Sherman.
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william paterson
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a New Jersey statesman, a signer of the U.S. Constitution, and Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court, who served as the 2nd governor of New Jersey, from 1790 to 1793.
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republican
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An advocate of a republic, a form of government that is not a monarchy or dictatorship, and is generally associated with the rule of law
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benjamin banneker
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a free African American astronomer, mathematician, surveyor, almanac author and farmer.
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phyllis wheatley
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the first published African American poet and first African-American woman whose writings were published
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society for the relief of free negroes
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the first American abolition society. It was initially formed April 14, 1775, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and held four meetings
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henry knox
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military officer of the Continental Army and later the United States Army, and also served as the first United States Secretary of War.
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letters from a farmer in pennsylvania
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a series of essays written by the Pennsylvania lawyer and legislator John Dickinson (1732–1808) and published under the name "A Farmer" from 1767 to 1768. The twelve letters were widely read and reprinted throughout the thirteen colonies, and were important in uniting the colonists against the Townshend Acts. The success of his letters earned Dickinson considerable fame
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new jersey plan
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a proposal for the structure of the United States Government proposed by William Paterson at the Constitutional Convention on June 15, 1787
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bill of rights
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a list of the most important rights of the citizens of a country. The purpose of these bills is to protect those rights against infringement by the government. The term "bill of rights" originates from England, where it referred to the Bill of Rights 1689.
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john jay
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an American politician, statesman, revolutionary, diplomat, a Founding Father of the United States, and the first Chief Justice of the United States (1789–95).
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james madison
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an American politician and political philosopher who served as the fourth President of the United States (1809–1817) and is considered one of the Founding Fathers of the United States.
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