Ap History Chapter 5 Vocab

Front 1

Trenton

Back 1

The Battle of Trenton took place on December 26, 1776, during the American Revolutionary War, after General George Washington's crossing of the Delaware River north of Trenton, New Jersey

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Saratoga

Back 2

The Battles of Saratoga, sometimes referred to as the Battle of Saratoga (September 19 and October 7, 1777) conclusively decided the fate of British General John Burgoyne's army in the American Revolutionary War (known outside the US as the American War of Independence) and are generally regarded as a turning point in the war

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Charleston

Back 3

A major city in South Carolina. The British tried to take down Charles Town to control the entire south, but they were defeated.

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Camden

Back 4

City of Camden is the county seat of Camden County, New Jersey, in the United States. It is located across the Delaware River

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Yorktown

Back 5

The Battle of Yorktown in 1781 with the British, Americans and French - the Americans under General Washington.

Front 6

Valley Forge

Back 6

Valley Forge in Pennsylvania was the site of the military camp of the American Continental Army over the winter of 1777–1778

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General Cornwallis

Back 7

General Cornwallis helped outflank the Americans and force them from New York

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General Burgoyne

Back 8

General John Burgoyne (24 February 1722 – 4 August 1792) was a British army officer, politician and dramatist

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General Howe

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General John Burgoyne (24 February 1722 – 4 August 1792) was a British army officer, politician and dramatist

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General Washington

Back 10

the dominant military and political leader of the new United States of America from 1775 to 1799

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Stamp Act

Back 11

a direct tax imposed by the British Parliament specifically on the colonies of British America. The act required that many printed materials in the colonies be produced on stamped paper produced in London and carrying an embossed revenue stamp.

Front 12

Sugar Act

Back 12

reduced the rate of tax on molasses from six pence to three pence per gallon, while Grenville took measures that the duty be strictly enforced.

Front 13

Virginia Resolves

Back 13

series of resolutions passed by the Virginia General Assembly in response to the Stamp Act of 1765.

Front 14

Earl of Bute

Back 14

a Scottish nobleman who served as Prime Minister of Great Britain (1762–1763) under George III, and was arguably the last important favourite in British politics.

Front 15

Lord Rockingham

Back 15

a British Whig statesman, most notable for his two terms as Prime Minister of Great Britain. He became the patron of many Whigs and served as a leading Whig grandee.

Front 16

William Pitt

Back 16

a British politician of the late 18th and early 19th centuries.

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Charles Townshend

Back 17

a British politician

Front 18

General Howe

Back 18

a key British commander during the American Revolution. Howe led took command of British forces in American in 1775

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Quartering Act

Back 19

equired the colonies to house soldiers in barracks, taverns, and vacant buildings and to provide the army with firewood, candles, and beer, among other items.

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Lord Hillsborough

Back 20

England’s secretary for American affairs

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Thomas Hutchinson

Back 21

royal governor of MA and loyalist.

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“Christian Sparta”

Back 22

an ideal commonwealth in which vigilant citizens would constantly guard against the spread of corruption, degeneracy, and luxury.

Front 23

committee’s of correspondence

Back 23

a committee that communicated grievances to villagers throughout MA.

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Tea Act

Back 24

passed by Parliament to lower the price of tea to save Britain’s largest business, the East India Company, from possible bankruptcy.

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Gaspee Incident

Back 25

When in the summer of 1772 a group of disguised Rhode Islanders burned a customs vessel.

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Coercive Act

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referred to as the intolerable acts in America. 1. closed the port of boston until the city fully compensated for the East India Company for the lost tea. 2. restructured the MA govt. by transforming the upper house from an elective to an appointed bodyand restricting the number of town meetings to one a year.3. allowed the royal governor to transfer British officals arrested for offenses committed in the line of duty to England.4. authorized the army to quarter troops wherever they were needed.

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Townshend Acts

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scheme that turned out to be a grab bag of duties on American imports of paper, glass, paint, lead, and tea. Passed to hopefully generate sufficient funds to pay the salaries of royal governors and other imperial officers, thus freeing them from dependence on he colonial assemblies.

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Declaratory Act

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Parliament declares its sovereignty over the colonies "in all cases whatsoever"

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Prohibitory Act

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Declares Britain's intention to coerce Americans into submission. This also set an Embargo on American goods. American ships were also seized during this act

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Revenue Act of 1764

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Also called Sugar Act, it revised duties on sugar, coffee, tea, wine, and other imports. It also expanded jurisdiction of Vice-Admiralty courts.

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1st Continental Congress

Back 31

This was called in response to the Coercive Acts. 12 out of the 13 colonies met at this congress during the early stages of the Revolution

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2nd Continental Congress

Back 32

This congress met to organize an army to better fight in the Revolution. They succeeded in doing this an appointed George Washington as General

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Patrick Henry

Back 33

Patriot who created the Virginia resolves.

Front 34

King George III

Back 34

King George the Third became king at a young age. he cut the ties with the people called whigs. during his reign, he faced alot of military conflicts.

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Samuel Adams

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Refused to accept the notion that the repeal of the Townshend acts had secured American liberty. He reminded people that the tax on tea remained in force.

Front 36

John Adams

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insisted a representative assembly should mirror its constituents. he played a huge role in the success of the revolution

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Thomas Paine

Back 37

A patriot that was born in England and supported the fight for independence in his writings.

Front 38

Common Sense

Back 38

An essay written by Thomas Paine that encouraged independence from Britain.

Front 39

American Crisis

Back 39

A pamphlet by Thomas Paine that discussed the issues of the revolution.

Front 40

John Locke – “Two Treatises on Government”

Back 40

Stated that all people possessed natural rights to life, liberty, and property, and that civil government should be based on agreements that required the consent of the governed. It also justified rebellion against a government that abuses rights.

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Public Virtue

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Sacrifice of self-interest to the public good.

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George Grenville

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Replaced Bute in 1763 as the king's first minister.

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“Sons of Liberty”

Back 43

Secret organization of American colonists that formed after the passing of the Stamp Act and organized boycotts of British goods.

Front 44

William Pitt

Back 44

he minister of George II's cabinet that took command of the military and navy during the Seven Year's War.

Front 45

The Massachusetts Circular Letter

Back 45

Letter drafted by the Massachusetts House of Representatives that would circulate through colonial assemblies, asking for suggestions to thwarting the Townshend duties.