Ap History Chapter 10 Vocabulary

Front 1

Jacksonianism

Back 1

Of or relating to Andrew Jackson, his concepts of popular government, or his presidency.

Front 2

John Calhoun

Back 2

a leading politician and political theorist from South Carolina during the first half of the 19th century.

Front 3

“Specie Circular”

Back 3

an executive order issued by U.S. President Andrew Jackson in 1836 and carried out by President Martin Van Buren. It required payment for government land to be in gold and silver

Front 4

Whigs – party growth and platform

Back 4

a political party of the United States during the era of Jacksonian democracy. Considered integral to the Second Party System and operating from the early 1830s to the mid-1850s,[1] the party was formed in opposition to the policies of President Andrew Jackson and his Democratic Party.

Front 5

The Bank War

Back 5

the name given to the controversy over the Second Bank of the United States and the attempts to destroy it by then-president Andrew Jackson. At that time, it was the only nationwide bank and, along with its president Nicholas Biddle, exerted tremendous influence over the nation's financial system.

Front 6

Nullification Crisis

Back 6

a sectional crisis during the presidency of Andrew Jackson created by South Carolina's 1832 Ordinance of Nullification. This ordinance declared, by the power of the State itself, that the federal Tariff of 1828 and 1832 were unconstitutional and therefore null and void within the sovereign boundaries of South Carolina.

Front 7

“Trail of Tears”

Back 7

the relocation and movement of Native American nations from southeastern parts of the present-day United States. It has been described as an act of genocide.

Front 8

Jackson’s attitude toward Native Americans

Back 8

Andrew Jackson had a rough relationship with the Native Americans. He kicked them out of America and formed an ally with the Cherokee Chief, who soon betrayed Andrew Jackson and went of with the British. He fought them in the War of 1812 and thought they were of an inferior race. He burned their towns and crops and killed women and kids

Front 9

Indian Removal

Back 9

a nineteenth century policy of the government of the United States to relocate Native American tribes living east of the Mississippi River to lands west of the river. The Indian Removal Act was signed into law by President Andrew Jackson on May 26, 1830.

Front 10

“Spoils System”

Back 10

spoil system (also known as a patronage system) is a practice where a political party, after winning an election, gives government jobs to its voters as a reward for working toward victory, and as an incentive to keep working for the party—as opposed to a system of awarding offices on the basis of some measure of merit independent of political activity.

Front 11

“Two Party System”

Back 11

a system where two major political parties dominate voting in nearly all elections at every level of government.

Front 12

Worcester v Georgia

Back 12

a case in which the United States Supreme Court vacated the conviction of Samuel Worcester, holding that the Georgia criminal statute, prohibiting non-Indians from being present on Indian lands without a license from the state, was unconstitutional.

Front 13

Roger Taney

Back 13

the fifth Chief Justice of the United States, holding that office from 1836 until his death in 1864. He was the first Roman Catholic to hold that office or sit on the Supreme Court of the United States.

Front 14

Force Bill

Back 14

Section 1 deals with unlawful obstructions to the collections of import duties; by securing ports and harbors for the protection of duty collectors, allowing for the detention of vessels and cargoes to enforce revenue laws, and authorizes the President to use armed forces to protect customs officers and to prevent the unauthorized removal of untaxed vessels and cargo.
Section 2 expands the jurisdiction of federal courts to cases arising from revenue collections by the U.S. government and allows injured parties in revenue cases to sue in court. It deems property detained by customs officers to be in the custody of the law, subject to disposition by court order only, and criminalizes anyone who circumvents the legal process in regaining detained property as guilty of a misdemeanor.
Section 5 deals with States, or portions within a state, who employ force, or any other unlawful means, to obstruct the execution of U.S. federal law, or interfere with the process of any Federal court. This section authorizes the President to use whatever force necessary to suppress such insurrections, "and to cause the said laws or process to be duly executed".
Section 6 deals with States who refuse to jail persons imprisoned under Federal law. It authorizes U.S. marshals to jail such persons in "other convenient places, within the limits of said state" and to make provisions for this purpose.
Section 8 is a sunset clause, stating that the "first and fifth sections of this act, shall be in force until the end of the next session of Congress, and no longer." It is not clear whether subsequent Acts of Congress extended these provisions.

Front 15

Peggy Eaton

Back 15

the daughter of Rhoda Howell and William O'Neale,[1] the owner of Franklin House, a popular Washington, D.C. hotel.

Front 16

Tariff of 1828/

/Tariff of Abominations

Back 16

a protective tariff passed by the Congress of the United States on May 19, 1828, designed to protect industry in the northern United States. It was labeled the Tariff of Abominations by its southern detractors because of the effects it had on the antebellum Southern economy.

Front 17

Nicholas Biddle

Back 17

an American financier who served as the president of the Second Bank of the United States.

Front 18

Alexis de Toqueville

Back 18

a French political thinker and historian best known for his Democracy in America (appearing in two volumes: 1835 and 1840) and The Old Regime and the Revolution (1856).

Front 19

Voting Rights

Back 19

the civil right to vote, or the exercise of that right.

Front 20

“Self Made Man”

Back 20

a book written by lesbian journalist Norah Vincent, recounting an 18-month experiment in which she disguised herself as a man—"Ned"—and then integrated into traditionally male-only venues, such as a bowling league and a monastery. She described this as "a human project" about learning.

Front 21

Who were the Democrats?

Back 21

one of two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Republican Party. The party's social liberal and progressive platform is largely considered center-left in the U.S. political spectrum.

Front 22

Impact of Trade Unions

Back 22

an organization of workers that have banded together to achieve common goals such as better working conditions. The trade union, through its leadership, bargains with the employer on behalf of union members (rank and file[1] members) and negotiates labour contracts (collective bargaining) with employers.

Front 23

“Positive Liberal State”

Back 23

a book written by Bruce A. Ackerman, recipient of the French Order of Merit,[2] Sterling Professor of Law and Political Science at Yale, and the author of fifteen books that have had a broad influence in political philosophy, constitutional law, and public policy

Front 24

Kitchen Cabinet

Back 24

a term used by political opponents of President of the United States Andrew Jackson to describe the collection of unofficial advisers he consulted in parallel to the United States Cabinet (the "parlor cabinet") following his purge of the cabinet at the end of the Eaton affair and his break with Vice President John C. Calhoun in 1831

Front 25

Voter Participation

Back 25

the percentage of eligible voters who cast a ballot in an election. After increasing for many decades, there has been a trend of decreasing voter turnout in most established democracies since the 1960s

Front 26

“Tippecanoe and Tyler Too”

Back 26

a very popular and influential campaign song of the Whig Party's colorful Log Cabin Campaign in the 1840 United States presidential election. Its lyrics sang the praises of Whig candidates William Henry Harrison (the "hero of Tippecanoe") and John Tyler, while denigrating incumbent Democrat Martin Van Buren.

Front 27

JQ Adams and Tariffs

Back 27

the sixth President of the United States (1825–1829). He was also an American diplomat and served in both the Senate and House of Representatives. He was a member of the Federalist, Democratic-Republican, National Republican, and later Anti-Masonic and Whig parties.

Front 28

Panic of 1837

Back 28

a financial crisis in the United States built on a speculative fever.

Front 29

Criticisms of the National Bank

Back 29

It concentrated the nation's financial strength in a single institution.
It exposed the government to control by foreign interests.
It served mainly to make the rich richer.
It exercised too much control over members of Congress.
It favored northeastern states over southern and western states.
Banks are controlled by a few select families.
Banks have a long history of instigating wars between nations, forcing them to borrow funding to pay for them.

Front 30

Election of 1828

Back 30

a rematch between John Quincy Adams, now incumbent President, and Andrew Jackson. As incumbent Vice President John C. Calhoun had sided with the Jacksonians. The National Republicans led by Adams, chose Richard Rush as Adams' running mate.