Ap Govt Ch 13

Front 1

Bureaucracy

Back 1

a form of organization that operates through impersonal, uniform rules and procedures

Front 2

bureaucrat

Back 2

a career government employee

Front 3

department

Back 3

usually the largest organization in government with the largest mission; also the highest rank in Federal hierarchy

Front 4

Independent agency

Back 4

a government entity that is independent of the legislative, executive, and judicial branches

Front 5

Independent regulatory commission

Back 5

a government agency or commission with regulatory power whose independence is protected by Congress

Front 6

Government corporation

Back 6

a government agency that operates like a business corporation, created to secure greater freedom of action and flexibility for a particular program

Front 7

senior executive service

Back 7

established by Congress in 1978 as a flexible, mobile corps of senior career executives who worked closely with presidential appointees to manage government

Front 8

spoils system

Back 8

a system of public employment based on rewarding party loyalists and friends

Front 9

merit system

Back 9

a system of public employment in which selection and promotion depend on demonstrated performance rather than political patronage

Front 10

Office of Personnel Management (OPM)

Back 10

agency that administers civil service laws, rules, and regulations

Front 11

hatch act

Back 11

Federal statute barring Federal employees from active participation in certain kinds of politics and protecting them from being fired on partisan grounds

Front 12

Implementation

Back 12

the process of putting a law into practice through bureaucratic rules or spending

Front 13

Administrative discretion

Back 13

authority given by Congress to the Federal bureaucracy to use reasonable judgment in implenting the laws

Front 14

regulations

Back 14

the formal instructions that government issues for implementing laws

Front 15

rule-making process

Back 15

the formal process for making regulations

Front 16

uncontrollable spending

Back 16

the portion of the Federal budget that is spent on programs that the president and Congress are unwilling to cut

Front 17

entitlement programs

Back 17

programs such as unemployment insurance, disability relief, or disability payments that provide benefits to all eligible citizens

Front 18

indexing

Back 18

providing automatic increases to compensate for inflation

Front 19

oversight

Back 19

legislative or executive review of a particular government program or organization.

Front 20

central clearance

Back 20

review of all executive branch testimony, reports, and draft legislation by the Office of Management and Budget to ensure that each communication to Congress is in accordance with the president's program