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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Civil Rights |
The government protected rights of individuals against arbitrary or discriminatory treatment by governments or individuals |
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Black Codes |
Laws denying most legal rights to newly freed slaves; passed by southern states following the Civil War |
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Equal Protection Clause |
Section of the Fourteenth Amendment that guarantees all citizens recieve "equal protection of the laws". |
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Jim Crow Laws |
Laws enacted by southern states that required segregation in public schools. Theatres, hotels, and other public accommodations |
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Civil Rights Cases (1883) |
Name attached to five cases brought under the Civil Rights ACT of 1875. In 1883, the Supreme Court decided that discrimination in a variety of public accommodations, including theatres, hotels, and railroads, could not be prohibited by the act because such discrimination was not private, not state, discrimination |
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Poll Tax |
A tax levied in many southern states and localities that had to be paid before an eligible voter could cast a ballot. |
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Grandfather Clause |
Voter qualification provision in many southern states that allowed only those whose grandfathers who had voted before Reconstruction to vote unless they passed a wealth or literacy test |
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Plessy vs. Ferguson |
Supreme Court case that challenges a Louisiana statute requiring that railroads provide separate accommodations for blacks and whites. The Court found that separate but equal accommodations did not violate the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment |
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Suffrage Movement |
The drive for voting rights for women that took place in the United States from 1890 to 1920 |
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Brown vs. Board of Education |
U.S. Supreme Court decision holding that school segregation is inherently unconstitutional because it violates the Fourteenth Amendments guarantee of equal protection |
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Civil Rights ACT of 1964 |
Wide ranging legislation passed by Congress to outlaw segregation in public facilities and discrimination in employment, educations, and voting; created the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission |
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De jure Discrimination |
Racial segregation that is a direct result of law or official policy |
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De facto Discrimination |
Racial discrimination that results from practice (such as housing patterns or other social or institutional, non governmental factors) rather than the law |
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Equal Rights Amendment |
Propose Amendment to the Constitution that states "Equality of Rights under the law shall jot be deni3d or abridged number the United States or any state on account of sex". |
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Suspect Classification |
Category or class, such as race, that triggers the highest standard of scrutiny of the Supreme Court |
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Strict Scrutiny |
A heightened standard of review used by the Supreme Court to determine the constitutional validity of a challenged practice |
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Equal Pay ACT of 1963 |
Legislation that requires employers to pay men and women equal Pay for equal work |
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Title IX |
Providing of the Education Amendments of 1972 that bars educational institutions that receive federal funds form discriminating against female students |
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Affirmative Action |
Polices designed to give special atteb5ion of compensatory treatment to members of a previously disadvantaged group |
