Ap Government Chapter 3

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Federalism

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A constitutional arrangements in which power is distributed between a central government and states, which are sometimes called provinces in which in other nations. The national and states exercise direct authority over individuals

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Devolution revolution

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The effort to slow the growth of the national government by returning many functions to the states

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Unitary system

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A constitutional arrangement that concentrates power in a central government

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Confederation

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A constitutional arrangement in which sovereign nations or states, by compact, create a central government but carefully limit its power and do not give it direct authority over individuals

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Delegated (express) powers

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Powers given explicitly to the national government and listed in the Constitution

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Implied powers

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Powers inferred from the express powers that allow Congress to carry out its functions

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Necessary and proper clause

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The clause in the Constitution (article 1, section 8, clause 3) setting forth the implied powers of Congress. It states that Congress, in addition to its express powers, has the right to carry out all the power the Constitution vests in the national government

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Inherent powers

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The Constitution has been interpreted to provide inherent powers that the federal government needs to make and execute the laws. These powers are not listed, but are essential for using the specific powers granted to the national government in other sections of the Constitution

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Supremacy clause

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Contained in Article 4 of the Constitution, the clause given national laws the absolute power even when states have enacted a completing law

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Commerce clause

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The clause in the Constitution (article 1, section 8, clause 1) that gives Congress the power to regulate all business activities that cross state lines or affect more than one state or other nations

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Federal mandate

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A requirement the national government imposes as a condition for receiving federal funds

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Reserve powers

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All powers not specifically delegated to the national government by the Constitution. The reserve power can be found in the 10th Amendment to the Constitution

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Concurrent powers

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Powerd that the Constitution gives to both the national and state governments, such as the power to levy taxes

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Full faith and credit clause

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The clause in the Constitution (article 4, section 1) requiring each state to recognize the civil judgments rendered by the courts of the other states and to accept their public records and acts as vaild

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Extradition

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The legal process whereby an allegex criminal offender is surrendered by the officals of one state of officals of the state in which the crime is alleged to hav been committed

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Interstate compact

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An agreement among two or more states. Congress must approve most such agreements

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National supremacy

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A constitutional doctrine that whenever conflict occurs between the constitutionally authorized actions of the national government and those of a state or local government, the actions of the national government prevail

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Preemption

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The right of a national law or regulation to preclude enforcement of a state or local law or regulation

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Centralists

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People who favor national action over action at the state and local levels

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Decentralists

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People who favor state or local action rather than national action

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State's rights

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Powers expressly or implicitly reserved to the states