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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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State |
A politically organized body of people usuallyoccupying a definite territory; especiallyone that is sovereign. |
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Nation |
Aterritorial division containing a body of people of one or more nationalitiesand usually characterized by relatively large size and independent status. |
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Sovereignty |
A country's independent authority and the rightto govern itself |
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Divine Right |
Is a political and religious doctrine of royal and political legitimacy. It asserts that a monarch is subject to no earthly authority, deriving the right to rule directly from the will of God. |
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Social Contract |
An implicit agreement among the members of a society to cooperate for social benefits, for example by sacrificing some individual freedom for state protection. Theories of a social contract became popular in the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries among theorists such as Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, as a means of explaining the origin of government and the obligations of subjects. |
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Natural Rights |
Rights that people supposedly have under natural law. The Declaration of Independence of the United States lists life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness asnatural rights. |
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John Locke |
John Locke FRS was an English philosopher and physician, widely regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers and commonly known as the "Father of Liberalism". |
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“Life is nasty, brutish and short without government" |
Thomas Hobbes |
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Thomas Hobbes |
One of the first to come up with the concept of socialcontracts. |
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Types of government— |
Unitary, Federal, Confederacy, Constitutional |
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Unitary |
All the power goes to the Central Gov’t. Most widely used, power flows from the Central Gov’t to local states. (Ex. France) |
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Federal |
Federal- Divides power between the Central / local & state. |
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Confederacy |
Confederation- Locals run the government. Doesn’t really work, since the central government has such little power. Each state pretty much pretends to be its own nation. |
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Constitution |
The system of beliefs and laws by which a country,state, or organization is governed. |
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“Who gets what, where, when and how” |
Describes the idea of Politics |
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Federalist Papers |
TheFederalist Papers is a series of articles in which James Madison explains his concernsover special interest groups, who would try to hinder the launching of the newgovernment. |
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Autocracy— |
A system of government by one person with absolute power. |
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Dictatorship |
Government by a dictator. |
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Monarchy |
A form of government with a monarch at the head. |
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Oligarchy |
A small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution. |
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Democracy- direct or indirect |
Direct democracy (also known as pure democracy) is a form of democracy in which people decide (e.g. vote on, form consensus on) policy initiatives directly. An indirect democracy is a government system in elected representatives govern in the interest of the people. This form of government is also known as a representative democracy or a republic. |
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Electoral College- how does it work; how many electors does it take to win, why was it established? |
You’re voting for your elector to vote the way you want to. This is to avoid a popular vote deciding an election. |
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Plurality versus majority |
Majority = More than 50%, Plurality = Most Votes |
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Economic systems |
Capitalism, Communism, Socialism |
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Capitalism |
an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state. |
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Socialism |
a political and economic theory of social organization that advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole. |
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Communism |
a political theory derived from Karl Marx, advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs. |
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Purposes of government: |
The four major purposes of government are to maintainsocial order, provide pubic services, provide national security, and makingeconomic decisions to the benefit for the overall general public. |
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Theories of the state |
Evolutionary Theory, ForceTheory, Divine Right Theory, Social Contract Theory. |
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Four essential features of a state |
Population, Territory, Sovereignty, Government. |
