Ap Gov Test 3

Front 1

Functions of political parties

Back 1

1) connecting citizens to their government
2) Running candidates for political office (candidates rely on partys to coordinate and fun campaigns)
3)Informing the public (convey an image of party)
4) Organizing the government (help coordinate policy making)

Front 2

3 reasons why American is a two party system

Back 2

1) Consensus of values (range of beliefs are small)
2) historical influence (federalists and anti-federalists)
3) the winnder-take-all system/puralist electoral system (not proportional representation)

Front 3

Grass roots

Back 3

state or local control over important important decisions that parties have

Front 4

Organization of parties

Back 4

1) national comitte composed of representatives from each state and territory
2) a fultime, paid national chairman that manages the day-to-day work of the party
3) a national convention that meets formally every four years during the summer before a presidential election in November
4) a ongressional campaign committe that assists both incumbents and challengers
5) a broad, not always consistent, idealogical base since they must appeal to a large number of voters

Front 5

realighments

Back 5

shiting in the voting population because issues change

Front 6

Era of good feeling

Back 6

Monroe.. two parties points of vew seemed to merge most notably

Front 7

Whigs

Back 7

represented many interests of the old federalist party

Front 8

Jackson

Back 8

new democratic party
universal manhood suffrage-all men could
national convention was created to nominate a presidental candidate.

Front 9

First republican into office

Back 9

abe lincoln

Front 10

Republican party

Back 10

laizzez-faire

Front 11

Roosevelt Coalition

Back 11

combination of many different groups that wished to see herbert Hoover defeated (first dem.. besides wilson and cleveland) since before Lincoln

Front 12

Roosevelt as president

Back 12

social welfare
dem in both branches

Front 13

Gridlock

Back 13

(ex. Nixon's presidency)
the tendency to paralyze decision making, with one branch advocation one policy and the other another.

Front 14

Republicans change campaging methods 1969-1993

Back 14

took advangaed of electronic media.
public opinion polls to determine party strategy.
computerized mailings

Front 15

Democrats 1969-1993

Back 15

became more concerned with grassroots (the commoan man).

Front 16

McGovern-Fraiser Commission

Back 16

-democrats
-review party structure and delegate selction procedures.
-they determined that minorities, women, youth and the poor were not adequately represented at the party convention.
-superdelegates (governors- members of congress) were reduced

Front 17

Dem after 1993

Back 17

adopt some Republican strategies (mailing lists, opinion polls, paid consultants.

Front 18

Minor parties

Back 18

*those dominated by an individual personality
*those organized around a long last goal or idealogy `

Front 19

Populist party

Back 19

most influential third party
William Jennings Bryan

Front 20

Perot

Back 20

tried to defy the two party sustem by running for president as an independent (got 19$ of the vote but no electoral vote)

Front 21

Straight Ticket

Back 21

support candidates for one party for all positions

Front 22

ticket splitting

Back 22

voting for candidates from both parties for different positions

Front 23

Party Machines

Back 23

orgainizations that recruted memebers by the use of material incentives (money jobs places to live)

Front 24

Running for presidency

Back 24

requires the candidate to take initiative by announcing to run, raising money, collecing signatures to get his name on the ballot and personally appealing to voters in primary elections

Front 25

single memeber districts

Back 25

in any district the election determins one representative or offical

Front 26

Closed primaries

Back 26

a voter must declare in advance his or her party membership and on election day votes in that parties election. Most states have these

Front 27

open primaries

Back 27

a voter can decide when he or she enters the voting booth which oparties primary to participate in. one a few states have these

Front 28

blanket (or free love) primaries

Back 28

a voter makes a ballot that lists candidates for all parties, and can select the Republican for one office and the Democrat for another. only thress states have this (luisiana, wahington, and alsaka).

Front 29

caucus

Back 29

local party members meet and agree on the candidate they will support.

Front 30

how congressional and presidental election vary

Back 30

-congressional are region/ presidential is national
-elections for house are less competitive
-congressional elections occur every two year with all seats in house open and one thir of the seats of seate open. fewed ppl vote in congresional.
-presidental populatrity affects congrtional elections
-memeber of congress can communicate more directly with constituents. President must rely on mass media to communicate with voters
-congression candidate can deny repsonibitiy for problems in government. they can also blame the president.

Front 31

coatail effect

Back 31

president's populatity affects congressional elections

Front 32

The road to presidency

Back 32

1) deciding to announce: usually campaign awhile before announcing
2) presidential primaries (some states split vote some have winner get all).
3) the conventions (first one andrew jackson0: grass roots replacement of old party caucus (ultimate decision is made here)
4) campaiging for the general election (this include presidential debates)

Front 33

frontloading

Back 33

early primaries to be more imprtant than later ones

Front 34

Reform Act of 1974

Back 34

-six-person federal election comission is formed
-all contrivutions over 100 must be disclosed (no cash over that amount)
-no foreign contibutions
-individual limited to 1000 per candidate/ 20,000 to national party comittee and 5000 to poltical action committee (PAC)
-PAC contributers are limited to 5000 per candidate and 15.000 to national party
-federal matching are provited if they so choose

Front 35

1976 amendment

Back 35

corportations, lbaor unions, and speical interest groups to set up PACS to raise money

Front 36

Buckley v Valeo

Back 36

limiting the amount that a candidate could spend on his or her own campaign is unconstituional.

Front 37

Soft money

Back 37

funds not specified for candidates' campgain but given to poltical parties for party building activites.

Front 38

The Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002

Back 38

banned soft money to national parties and placed curbs on use of campaign ad by outisde interest groups. 2000/c 25/all fed candidates(two year election cycle)

Front 39

527's

Back 39

tax exempt organizations created primarly to influenc nomination, electon appointment or defeat of candidates.

Front 40

critical elections

Back 40

when there is a realignment. -shift of poltical allgiance from one party to another.

Front 41

dialighment

Back 41

people seem less inclied to affiliate with a poltical party at all.. independents

Front 42

interest group

Back 42

an organization of people who enter the poltical process to try to achieve their shared goals.

Front 43

PAC

Back 43

poltical arms of interst groups, legally entitied to raise funs to contrivute to favored candidates or poltical parties

Front 44

Elitist Theory

Back 44

argues that just a few interst groups hav emost of the power. corporate interest control a great many gov decisions

Front 45

Pluralist theory

Back 45

claims that inerest groups benefit american democracy by bringing representation

Front 46

hyperpluralist theory

Back 46

too many groups are trying to influence the poltical process .. poltical choas and contradiciton . politcal sys is out of control

Front 47

Memebership

Back 47

-instituional: buisness or corporation
-individual

Front 48

types of interest groupss

Back 48

economic: concerned with profits, prices and wagers (labor unions/ union shop: requires new employees to join the union representing them0
-agriculture groups
-business gorups: ex GM (large corporations
-professional groups: occupations

Front 49

how interest groups work

Back 49

lobbying (contacting, etc)
electioneering (getting them in and keeping them there)
litigation: suing when they dont get something
-appealing to the public: cultivate public imiage

Front 50

Amicus curiae

Back 50

written arguments submitted to the courts in support of one side or another (regents of the university of califonoia v bakke... called affirmative aciton programs as reverse discrimitation

Front 51

class action lawsuits

Back 51

Brown V the board of education of toeka ex.... enables a grouple of similar plaintifs to combine grievances into a single suit

Front 52

Where do they get their money

Back 52

foundation grants: funds established usually by prminent families or corporation for philanthorpy
-Federal grands and contracts: can be given to support a project but not directly to organizations for lobbying purposes
-direct solicitation: direct mail

Front 53

effectif interst groups

Back 53

size, intensity, financial resources

Front 54

revolving door

Back 54

gov officials quit their jobs to take positions a as lobbyiests or consultans.

Front 55

the fourth branch of gov

Back 55

mass media.

Front 56

Functions of the media

Back 56

entertainment, new rports, agenda setting (what it focuses on and what it doesnt), creation of poltical forums (encourage citizens to focus on issues)

Front 57

Structure of mass media

Back 57

print media, electronic media, the internet

Front 58

Sound bites

Back 58

comments compressed into several-second segments

Front 59

media and poltical compagins

Back 59

advertising (television), news coverage, presidential debates