*ap Gov Supreme Court Cases*

Front 1

Engel v. Vitale (1962)

Back 1

The Court ruled that all school-sanctioned prayer in public schools unconstitutional.

Hint 1

Religion, establishment clause

Front 2

Lemon v. Kurtzman (1871)

Back 2

The Court struck down a Pennsylvania policy of reimbursing religious schools for textbooks and teacher salaries. The decision held that a law or program does not violate the Establishment Clause if: a) it has a primarily secular purpose; b) its principal effect neither aids nor inhibits religion; and c) government and religion are not excessively entangled.

Hint 2

Religion, establishment clause

Front 3

Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)

Back 3

The Court ruled that Amish adolescents could be exempt from a state law compelling school attendance for all 14-16-year-olds since their religion required living apart from the world and worldy influence.

Hint 3

Religion, free exercise clause

Front 4

Schenck v. United States (1919)

Back 4

During World War I, Mr. SChenck mailed fliers to draftees urging them to peacefully protest the draft. Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes wrote that the First Amendment did no protect Schenck since, during wartime, such expression would create a clear and present danger.

Hint 4

Speech

Front 5

Gitlow v. New York (1925)

Back 5

The Supreme Court applied protection of free speech to the states.

Hint 5

Speech

Front 6

Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)

Back 6

Teh Supreme Court ruled that wearing black armbands to protest the Vietnam War was "pure speech," or symbolic speech, thus protected by the First Amendment. The principal's right to forbid conduct that substantially interfered with school discipline was outweighed by the students' right to free expression.

Hint 6

Speech

Front 7

Miller v. California (1973)

Back 7

This case set forth rules for obscenity prosecutions, but also gave states and localities flexibility in determining what is obscene. The four dissenters argues even the most general attempt to define obscenity for the entire nation was outside the scope of the Court's power.

Hint 7

Speech

Front 8

Texas v. Johnson (1989)

Back 8

The Supreme Court protected flag burning as symbolic speech: "Government may not prohibit the expression of an idea simply because society finds the idea itself offensive of disagreeable."

Hint 8

Speech

Front 9

Buckley v. Valeo (1976)

Back 9

This campaign finance case disallowed limits on campaign expenditures, but permited "reasonable restrictions" on individual, corporate, and group contributions to candidates. The Supreme Court recently upheld the $1000 limit.

Hint 9

Campaign Finance

Front 10

Near v. Minnesota (1931)

Back 10

This case struck down a statute authorizing the state to seek injunctions against routine publishers of malicious or dematory information, extending protection of freedom of the press to the states (incorporation).

Hint 10

Press

Front 11

New York Times v. Sullivan (1931)

Back 11

The Court states that the First Amendment protected all statements about public officials, unless the speaker lies with the intenet to defame. Thsi case overturned a judgment awarding damges to an Alabama policeman after the New York TImes ran a critical ad.

Hint 11

Press

Front 12

New York Times v. United States (1971)

Back 12

This case lifted a temporary injunction against publication of leaked information, since such publication would not cause an "inevitable, direct, and immediate" event imperiling the safety of American forces.

Hint 12

Press

Front 13

Hustler v. Falwell (1988)

Back 13

This case ruled that the First Amendment prohibits public figures from recovering damges for intentional infliction of emotional harm, without showing the publication contained a false statement of fact made with actual malice.

Hint 13

Press

Front 14

Village of Skokie v. Naitonal Socialist Party (1978)

Back 14

The Supreme Court ruled that the National Socialist (Nazi) Party could not be prohibited from marching peacefully, simply because of the content of their message.

Hint 14

Assembly

Front 15

Schenck v. Pro-Choice Network of Western New York (1997)

Back 15

Thh Supreme Court overturned a 15-foot "floating buffer" around patients leaving or entering an abortion clinic; though, "fixed buffers" were permitted since they protected the government's interest in public safety.

Hint 15

Assembly

Front 16

Mapp v. Ohio (1961)

Back 16

The Supreme Court ruled that all evidence obtained by searches and seizures, in violation of the Constitution, is inadmissable in a state court. This is known as the "exclusionary rule."

Hint 16

Criminal Procedure

Front 17

Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)

Back 17

The SUpreme Court overturned Betts v. Brady (1942) and required that any indigent accused of a felony must be given an attorney at the public's expense.

Hint 17

Criminal Procedure

Front 18

Escobedo v. Illinois (1964)

Back 18

The Supreme Court extended the "exclusionary rule" to also include any unconstitutionally obtained confessions. The Court siad that once questioning reaches past a "general inquiry," the suspect has the right to have an attorney present.

Hint 18

Criminal Procedure

Front 19

Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

Back 19

The Supreme Court ruled that since the police had not informed Miranda of his Constitutional rights, his conviction must be overturned.

Hint 19

Criminal Procedure

Front 20

Terry v. Ohio (1968)

Back 20

The Supreme Court found that searching a criminal suspect is Constitutional. Evidence found during a personal search is admissible in court, and police may search suspects for safety purposes.

Hint 20

Criminal Procedure

Front 21

Dickerson v. USA (2000)

Back 21

The Supreme Court ruled that Congress could not pass a law that would contradict a SUpreme Court ruling. They cited Marbury v. Madison (1803) as the source of their power. Judicial REview gave the Supreme Court final say on an act's constitutionality. Justices writing in dissent called the ruling the "...Pryamid of judicial arrogance."

Hint 21

Criminal Procedure

Front 22

Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)

Back 22

The Court determined that a married couple's decision to use birth control was a personal decision and not subject to government regulation.

Hint 22

Personal Liberty

Front 23

Roe v. Wade (1973)

Back 23

The Supreme Court found that the "right of personal privacy includes the abortion decision."

Hint 23

Personal Liberty

Front 24

Washington v. Glucksberg (1997)

Back 24

The Court held that the right to physician-assistedd suicide did not exist in the Constitution and that the state prohibitions were Constitutional.

Hint 24

Personal Liberty

Front 25

United States v. Lopez (1995)

Back 25

The Supreme Court ruled that the "Commerce Clause" did not give Congress the power to enact the federal Gun Free School Zones Act.

Hint 25

Federalism

Front 26

South Dakota v. Dole (1987)

Back 26

The Court ruled constitutional a federal law that would withhold five percent of a state's highway funds if it did not raise its minimum drinking age to 21. The Court believed it was passed in the interest of the "general good" and by "reasonable means."

Hint 26

Federalism

Front 27

Slaughterhouse Cases (1873)

Back 27

The Court ruled that the pricileges and immunities clause proceted only certain narrow federal rights, such as the right to travel, to petition Congress, and to vote in national elections - not the protections found in the Bill of Rights.

Hint 27

Incorporation

Front 28

Marbury v. Madison

Back 28

This case was used to establish the Court's role as the final interpreter of the Constitution and establish the practice of Judicial Review.

Hint 28

Federalism

Front 29

McCulloch v. Maryland

Back 29

This case established the central authority of the Constitution and the federal government by stating that states could not tax the federal government.

Hint 29

Federalism

Front 30

Plessy v. Ferguson

Back 30

The Courts ruled that the 14th Amendment guaranteed political - but not social - equality to blacks. The decision stated that "separate but equal" accommodations for blacks were legal.

Hint 30

Personal Liberties

Front 31

Brown v. Board of Education

Back 31

The Court ruled that separate public schools for black students and white students was fundamentally unequal.

Hint 31

Personal Liberties