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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Minor Parties
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Last for a long time, clear goals, are radical
Socialist Party w/ Eugene Debs Communist Party Libertarian Party: Socially liberal, fiscally conservative |
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One Issue Parties
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Address one concern only
Free Soil: Anti-spread of slavery Know-Nothing: Oppose immigration and Catholics Prohibition: Ban sale of alcohol |
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Economic Protest Groups
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Regional, oppose depressions
Greenback: Currency expansion Populist: Elected members to congress, referendum, recall, primaries |
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Factional Parties
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Split from a major party, usually successful
Bull Moose Party: Split from republicans, progressive Henry Wallace: Split from democrats, progressive American Independent |
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Movements that Never Became Parties
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Interests ignored or picked up by other party. Ex. Labor, antiwar, civil rights
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Presidential nominee has two things:
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The desire to win and to keep the party together
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Candidates are more ____ or ____ than their parties, don't represent ___ opinions, aren't _____ citizens
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Presidential candidates are more liberal or conservative then their parties, don’t represent minority opinions, aren’t average citizens, represent party, are activists
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Green Party
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Social justice, environment, hippies
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Ross Perot
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Economic protest party (anti-NAFTA)
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Primaries are based on...
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popular vote
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Job of national convention used to be:
Job of national convention now: |
Job of national convention used to be to elect a candidate, now it serves to attract media attention
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Republicans use more _____ primary, ensuring _____. Centralized or decentralized? Do people run with party or on own?
Democratic conventions both _____ and _____? |
Republicans use more winner-take-all primary, ensuring first round victories, decentralized, and people run on their own
Democratic conventions both democratized and centralized |
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Party conventions are now scripted or unscripted? Name 4 key parts/speeches
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Party conventions are now very TV scripted:
VP nomination and selected Acceptance speech Nominating speech Key note speech |
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Public Opinion
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What people think, it is impossible for government to agree
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Political Socialization
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Process where background influences political beliefs
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5 Types of Local Parties
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The Machine: Gives patronage, work for candidates or government
Ideological Parties: The “Farm” system, single issue groups, ex. pro env. dems, pro-life repubs Solidary Group: Voting/party alignment to be w/ the people Sponsored Groups: Teachers union democrats Personal Following: Follow a person or their campaign |
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Poll:
Random Sample: Sampling Error: Exit Polls: |
Poll: Survey of public opinion
Random Sample: Method of selecting by random Sampling error: The difference between poll results Exit Polls: Polls based on interviews on election day with voters |
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4 Types of Beliefs
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Pure Liberals: Reduce economic inequality
Pure Conservative: Cut welfare state of government Libertarians: Conservative on economic policy Populists: Liberal on economic policy |
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4 Components of a Campaign
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Tone: Positive or negative
Theme: Slogan Timing: When to strike Target: Which group of voters |
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Candidates are extreme or moderate in primaries?
Extreme of moderate in general election |
Every candidate is extreme in opinions to get activists, but in the general election they are bipartisan
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Clothespin Vote
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People don’t like anyone, vote for the least bad
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2 Types of Issues and Describe
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Position Issue: Issues where rival candidates have opposing views which divide voters
Valence Issue: Issues where voters aren’t divided, depends whether candidate fully supports public view |
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Spots vs. Visuals
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Spots: Short TV ads
Visuals: Campaign activity on the news |
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Rise in amount of interest groups because…
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Many kinds of political cleavages in the country
Constitution provides many access points Political parties are weak (in theory) |
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Factors that led to rise in interest groups…
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Economic developments create new interests (farmers)
Government policy creates interest groups (protect veterans) Individuals decide its worth it to start groups (slavery) Government has expanded, has more interests |
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Interest Group
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an organization that seeks to influence policy
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Two Types of Interest Groups and Explain
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Institutional Interest: Business, labor union, etc.
Membership Interest: Acting because they believe in the cause |
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Social Movement
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A widely shared demand for change in some aspect of the social or political order, solidary (being part of a group), material (goods), purposive (for cause)
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Funding for Interest Groups
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Foundation grants, federal grants or contracts, mail
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Interest Group Activities
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Newspaper headlines, letter writing campaigns, protests and demonstrations, file suit in court
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Tactics of Interest Groups
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Provide credible information, current and detailed, non-political information doesn’t have this, most effective on narrow, technical issues
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Cue
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A signal telling a legislator what values are at stake in a vote, how it fits into their party agenda
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2 Interest Group Attention Strategies
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Outside Strategy: Emailing, calling, polling, faxing
Inside Strategy: Giving info to politicians, lobbying |
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Grassroots Support
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Putting public support on groups, public uprising
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Dirty Dozen
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Group in house, anti-enviro, publicly embarrassed
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Revolving Door
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Corporations offer good jobs to government officials for when they leave their positions
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Ethics Regulation of 1970
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Lobbyists present have to be published
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Best way to regulate interest groups
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IRS
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Media
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Newspaper, TV, radio, computer, blogs
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Limits to freedom of newspapers and broadcast
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Limits to freedom of newspapers and broadcast: Profit and media bias
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Gatekeeper
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Gatekeeper: National press can influence what subjects become national political issues and for how long, bring up lost issues
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Scorekeeper
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Scorekeeper: National media keeps track of and makes political reputations, helps decide who is winning and losing in politics
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Watchdog
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Watchdog: Instinctive and profitable desire to investigate personalities and expose scandals
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FCC issues licenses and regulates issues on ____ not ____ , FCC has 3 commissioners appointed by ____
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FCC issues licenses and regulates issues on broadcast, not cable, FCC has 3 commissioners appointed by president
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The Telecommunications Act
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Allowed a company to own 8 stations, looser restrictions ensued, fewer people own lots of media
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Fairness Doctrine
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Fairness Doctrine: Required broadcasters to show opposing points of view, but FCC rules this unconstitutional, but it stayed, you have to show both sides of story, not 2 opinions
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What links citizens to the government?
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Elections
Interest Groups Media Political Parties |
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More democratic way of nominating presidential candidates...
____ then ____ then _____ |
Conventions used instead of caucuses to make democratic reform, primaries then replaced undemocratic conventions
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Types of Primaries
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Closed: Can only vote for your party
Open: Independents can pick which to vote for Cross-Over: Democrats can vote on a republican ballot |
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527's
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Independent party TV advertisements
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Issue Polling
Saliency Congruence Stability |
Issue Polling: Based on a specific issue
Saliency: How important, we all want candy, but won’t push for it Stability: Fluctuating opinions on an issue Congruence: Want more services but want to pay less, imbalance |
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Causes of low registration
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Causes of low registration: Strict registration practices, faked numbers, lack of political motivation, distrust in the government, lack of knowledge in how, when and where to register
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Suffrage History
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Suffrage: First for white males, allowed blacks (15th amd.), literacy tests, poll tax, grandfather clause, intimidation, Voting Rights Act (1965), 19th amendment (women vote), 25th amendment (18-21 yrs)
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Attempt to fix low voter turnout
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Get out and vote campaign: Voter apathy, failed
Motor-Voter: Convenience of registering to vote while at DMV (Seattle), successful, unfunded Registering on Election Night: Convenience, slightly successful |
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Possible solutions to low voter turnout
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Universal Registration: Everyone automatically registered
Compulsory Voting: Forcing people to vote, or else fines The Italian Stamp: In Italy, if you don’t vote, they stamp your ID |
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17th Amendment
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17th Amendment: Direct election of senators
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23rd Amendment
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Gives DC 3 electoral votes, but no one in congress
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24th Amendment
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No poll tax
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25th Amendment
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Monitored poll sites
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When federal government tells states what to do, it is either ____ or _____
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When federal government tells states what to do, it is either a mandate or a condition of aid
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HAVA
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HAVA: Help Americans Vote Act, ensured good voting conditions, equally distributed precints
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Ways to participate in government
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Talking to government officials: lobbying, protesting
Get active in community issues Voting |
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Levels of Participants
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Inactives: Don’t know much, don’t care
Voting Specialists: Only vote, nothing more Campaigners: Try to affect who wins primaries, votes Communalists: Volunteering Parochial Participants: Single issue experts, narrowly focused (pro-lifers) Activists: Protesting, working on issues, educated, well-off, voting |
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Political Party: A group that _____ and gives them 3 things...
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Political Party: A group that elects candidates and gives them…
Label: Democrat or Republican Organization: How campaign is run, make them effective Effective leaders |
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Historical Political Parties
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Democratic-Republicans and TJ vs. Federalists and Hamilton
1800-1824 Democratic-Republican reign (era of good feelings) Whigs (old Dem. Reps.) vs. Democratics |
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15th Amendment
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Black vote
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19th Amendment
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Women's vote
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25th Amendment
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18-21 vote
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