Ap Gov Chp 3 Vocab

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federalism

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a way of organizing a nation so that at least 2 levels of gov. have formal authority over the same land and ppl. A system of shared gov. btwn units of gov.

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unitary government

Back 2

form of gov. that most nations have. All power resides in central gov. Ex: french assembly

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intergovernmental relations

Back 3

the workings of the federal system-- the entire set of interactions among state, national, and local gov.s

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supremacy clause

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Article 4 of the const. which makes the const, national laws, and treaties supreme power over state laws when the national gov. is acting within its const. limits

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tenth amendment

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powers not delegated to the US by the const., nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states or ppl (favors state power)

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1819 MuCulloch v. Maryland

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Congress has certain implied powers in addition to enumerated powers in const. Est. nat'l supremacy over state (favors national power)

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enumerated powers

Back 7

(Article 1 section 8) powers of fed gov that are specifically adressed in const. Includes power o coin money, regulate its value, and impose taxes

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implied powers

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powers of fed gov that go beyond numerated in the const. Const states that Congress has power to "make all laws necessary and proper for carrying into execution" he powers enumerated in article 1

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elastic clause

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authorizes congress to pass all laws "necessary and proper" wich gives them implied powers

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(1824) Gibbons v. Ogden

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gives Congress power to regulate interstate and international commerce for economic promotion

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full faith and credit

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(article 4 section 1) requires all states to recognize the official docs and civil judgements rendered by courts of other states

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extradition

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legal process wherby convicted criminals are surrendered by officials of one state to officials of the state in which the crime is alleged to have been committed

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privileges and immunities

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(article 4 section 2) gives citizens of each state most of the privileges of citizens of other states, although there are many exceptions

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dual federalism

Back 14

system of gov where states and national gov remain supreme within their own spheres

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cooperative federalism

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system of gov in which powers and policy assignments are shared btwn states and national gov. They can share costs, administration, and blame for poor programs

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devolution

Back 16

transferring responsibility for policies from fed gov to state/local gov.s (such as speed limits, welfare policies)

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fiscal federalism

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the pattern of spending, taxing, and providing grants in the fed system; the cornerstone of the national gov's relations with state/local gov

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categorical grants

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fed grants that can be used only for specific purposes, or "categories" of state/local spending. Come with strings attached, such as nondiscrimination provisions. Is main source of fed aid to state/local gov

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project grants

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fed categorical grants given for specific purposes and awarded based on merit

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block grants

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fed grants given to states/local to support broad programs such as community development and social services

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formula grants

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fed categorical grant distribution according to a formula specified in legislation or in admin regulations