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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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constitution
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a nation's basic law. It creates political institutions, assigns/divides power in gov, and often provides certain guarantees to individuals. Const can be written or unwritten
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Declaration of Independence
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approved by reps of the American colonies in 1776 that declared their independence against British monarch
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natural rights
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rights inherent in human beings, not dependent on gov, which include life, liberty, & property. Widely accepted with America's founders
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consent of the governed
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idea that gov derives its authority from the ppl
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limited government
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idea that certain restrictions should be placed on gov to protect citizens' natural rights
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Articles of Confederation
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adopted by Congress in 1777 and enacted in 1781. est. a national legislature, the continental congress, but most authority rested w/ state legislatures
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(1786) Shay's Rebellion
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a series of attacks on courthouses in MA by farmers led by Rev war captain Daniel Shays to block foreclosure proceedings
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US Constitution
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ritten in 1787, ratified in 1788 that replaced the articles. Created the institutional structure of US gov and their tasks
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factions
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interest grps arising from unequal distribution of land/wealth that Madison attcked in Fed papers #10
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NJ Plan
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called for equal rep. of each state regardless of pop.
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VA Plan
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called for rep. of each state in congress in proportion to that state's share of the US pop.
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Connecticut Compromise
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est. 2 houses in congress: 1) HOR where rep. is based on state's pop. 2) senate has 2 reps from each state
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three-fifths compromise
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representation & taxation based on free ppl and 3/5 of slaves
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writ of habeas corpus
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court order requiring ppl in jail to know why they're in jail
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separation of powers
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3 branches of gov.- executive (pr.), legislative (congress), judicial (courts) are independent of one another and share power so one cannot control the other
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checks and balances
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sets power against power to constrain government actions
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republic
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form of gov. in which ppl select reps to govern them and make laws. Does not allow for direct election and thus is less of a democracy
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federalists
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supporters of the US const.
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anti-federalists
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opposers of the US const.
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federalist papers
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85 articles written to defend the const. in detail. Written by Hamilton, Madison, & John Jay under the name "Publius". Reflects thinking of framers 2nd to the const.
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Bill of Rights
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first 10 amend.s to const., drafted in response to anti-fed concerns about individual rights. These amend.s define basic liberties such as freedom of religion, speech, and press and guarantee defendant's rights
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