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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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White Primary
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White primaries were primary elections in the Southern States of the United States of America in which any non-White voter was prohibited from participating. White primaries were found in many Southern States after 1890 about until 1944. The United States Supreme Court initially held that the white primary was constitutional, but decided nine years later that the white primary did violate the Constitution
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Australian Ballot
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A government printed ballot of uniform dimensions to be cast in secret that many states adopted around 1890 to reduce voting fraud associated with party-printed ballots cast in public. is a voting method in which a voter's choices in an election or a referendum are anonymous. The key aim is to ensure the voter records a sincere choice by forestalling attempts to influence the voter by intimidation or bribery. The system is one means of achieving the goal of political privacy. Also known as the Massachusetts ballot.
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Direct Action
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occurs when a group of people take an action which is intended to reveal an existing problem, highlight an alternative, or demonstrate a possible solution to a social issue. This can include nonviolent and less often violent activities which target persons, groups, or property deemed offensive to the direct action participants. Examples of direct action can include strikes, workplace occupations, political violence, nonviolent resistance, sabotage, property destruction, blockades, etc. By contrast, electoral politics, diplomacy, negotiation, and arbitration are not usually described as direct action, as they are politically mediated.
Also the Progressive addition of recall, initiative, referendum |
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Conventional v. Nonconventional Participation
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Conventional participation: Activities that we expect of good citizens. For most people, participation occurs every few years at election time. People strongly committed to politics are more likely to participate on a regular basis.
Unconventional participation: Activities that are legal but often considered inappropriate. Young people, students, and those with grave concerns about a regime’s policies are most likely to engage in unconventional participation. |
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Political Party
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A group that seeks to elect candidates to public office.
* get their candidates elected * different than an interest group * not a faction * interest groups are trying to influence the government * political parties not mentioned in constitution * put party in front of country * create a political platform * get people to participate in politics |
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Critical Election
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An election when a major lasting shift occurs in the popular coalition supporting one or both parties. Critical Election
* Realignment Elections when parties switch forms * 1800 * Jefferson Wins * Democrat Republican * First transfer of power from one party to the other * peaceful * 1828 * Democratic Republicans become Democrat * Andrew Jackson wins * 1860 * Lincoln wins * Whigs are gone * Republican party rises * First Republican President wasn't even on the ballot on southern states * 1896 * McKinley begin to look at thinks from east to west not north vs south * Republicans stand for industrialism, business, hard currency, tarrifs, urban issues * 1932 * Roosevelt * courted jews, southern whites, northern blacks, urban workers seeks out republican voters for democrats * 1960 * Kennedy * first catholic president * first televised election * South will go Republican after Kennedy * Kennedy courts Blacks * Propose Civl Rights Act doesn't pass * 1964 Civil Rights created by LBJ responsbility in kennedy's memorial to sign the civil rights act 1964 |
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Split Ticket
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Voting for candidates of different parties for various offices in the same election.
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National Convention
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A meeting of party delegates held every four years.
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Superdelegate
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Party leaders and elected officials who become delegates to the national convention without having to run in primaries or caucus.
* Super Delegate is unpledged can vote for anyone * Chair of DNC or RNC they are a super delegate for life * a few thousand super delegates * democrats have more super delegates than republicans sometimes republicans don't even use them |
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Political Machine
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A party organization that recruits members by dispensing patronage. Credits its members by the use of tangible incentives like money or political jobs.
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Why a two-party system?
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* dualist theory that most major issues can be broken up in yes or no
* no need another party * major issues of third parties are consumed by bigger parties * too expensive to create a third party no legacy * media doesn't want a third party * institutional theory * winner take all system doesn't allow for a third fourth winner to have a chance * Cultural Theory * media not really giving a chance for others * created a system that is brilliant in manipulating a a two party system * mechanisms in place what people will donate or spend money on isn't worth putting no-names on television. * Domino effect * Social Consensus Theory * people are loyal to the parties are already there * easier to have two parties |
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Primary
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* quick
* advertising-$ * more participating * winner-take-all or proportional state by state * open or closed * can vote for any party * only registered for party |
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Caucus
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A meeting of party members to select delegates backing one or another primary candidate. These can be held any where. Any one can show up.
* 30 minutes to hours * localized door to door * smaller turnout * fewer of them but older in practice * caucus is proportional |
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Majority v. Plurality
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The Plurality system is an electoral system in which the winner is the person who gets the most votes, even if he or she does not receive a majority; used in almost all American elections. So it is not necessary to get the majority of votes in order to win an election.
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