Ap Gopo Unit One Vocabulary

Front 1

rights shared by all human beings

Back 1

Natural rights

Front 2

agreement between individuals to live under a government

Back 2

Social contract

Front 3

hypothetical condition of people living together without government

Back 3

State of nature

Front 4

distribution of power so that no branch of government dominates

Back 4

Checks and balances

Front 5

set of customs, rules, and laws that organize a government

Back 5

constitution

Front 6

a government limited by a written or unwritten constitution

Back 6

constitutional government

Front 7

powers specifically given to a government by the people

Back 7

delegated powers

Front 8

government restricted to protecting natural rights

Back 8

limited government

Front 9

government with popular sovereignty and representation

Back 9

republic

Front 10

division of government powers between branches

Back 10

separation of powers

Front 11

citizens’ dedication to the common good over individual interests

Back 11

civic virtue

Front 12

government where common welfare is promoted over individual interests

Back 12

classical republicanism

Front 13

official state-supported religion

Back 13

established religion

Front 14

group that promotes there interests over the common good

Back 14

factions

Front 15

government power is held by the people but exercised through elected officials

Back 15

representative democracy

Front 16

body of unwritten law based on custom and judicial decisions

Back 16

common law

Front 17

protection against arbitrary violations of rights by the government

Back 17

due process

Front 18

first document limiting the power of the English king

Back 18

Magna Carta

Front 19

act of Parliament limiting power of king

Back 19

English Bill of Rights

Front 20

limited power of the king to tax people without Parliament’s consent

Back 20

Petition of Right

Front 21

court order requiring cause for holding a suspect

Back 21

writ of habeas corpus

Front 22

right to vote

Back 22

Suffrage

Front 23

ultimate right to rule

Back 23

Sovereignty

Front 24

government in which legislative branch has the most power

Back 24

legislative supremacy

Front 25

ultimate political authority rests with the people

Back 25

popular sovereignty

Front 26

first constitution of the United States

Back 26

Articles of Confederation

Front 27

armed revolt by farmers against foreclosures

Back 27

Shays’ Rebellion

Front 28

essays by Hamilton, Madison, and Jay in support of Constitution

Back 28

The Federalist

Front 29

formal process of adopting the Constitution

Back 29

Ratification

Front 30

government plan dividing power between national and local

Back 30

federal system

Front 31

Constitutional plan favoring small states, equal representation

Back 31

New Jersey Plan

Front 32

Constitutional plan favoring large states, proportional representation

Back 32

Virginia Plan

Front 33

act of legislature punishing individuals without judicial process

Back 33

bills of attainder

Front 34

powers specifically given to government in Constitution

Back 34

enumerated powers

Front 35

law that makes an act criminal after it was committed

Back 35

ex post facto laws

Front 36

Connecticut plan to combine proportional and equal representation

Back 36

Great Compromise

Front 37

phrase in Constitution giving Congress unspecified power

Back 37

necessary and proper clause

Front 38

phrase in Constitution making national law superior to local

Back 38

supremacy clause

Front 39

body of electors who actually choose the President

Back 39

electoral college

Front 40

charging a public official with a crime which they can be removed for

Back 40

impeach

Front 41

power of the courts to determine constitutionality of a gov’t act

Back 41

judicial review

Front 42

power of the executive to prevent a bill from becoming law

Back 42

veto

Front 43

political leaders opposed to ratifying the Constitution

Back 43

Anti-Federalists

Front 44

political leaders in support of ratifying the Constitution

Back 44

Federalists

Front 45

political system with strong central government and weak local

Back 45

unitary government

Front 46

govt where sovereignty is divided between national and local units

Back 46

federalism

Front 47

powers shared by both national and state govts

Back 47

concurrent powers

Front 48

British legislature consisting of two houses: House of Lords and House of Commons

Back 48

Parliament

Front 49

body of political practices developed through custom and tradition-as in Britain, Israel and New Zealand

Back 49

unwritten constitution

Front 50

agreement of citizens to obey the laws of the government

Back 50

consent

Front 51

the good of the community is placed above private interests

Back 51

common good

Front 52

idea that government derives its authority from God

Back 52

divine right

Front 53

fundamental rights of the individual that cannot be taken away by government/anyone

Back 53

inalienable rights

Front 54

right of the people to overthrow a government that has failed to protect their rights

Back 54

right to revolution

Front 55

previous court decision upon which legal issues are decided

Back 55

precedent

Front 56

doctrine that a court should use precedent to determine current decisions

Back 56

stare decisis

Front 57

principle that those who govern as well as the governed must obey the law

Back 57

rule of law

Front 58

binding agreement made by one or more parties

Back 58

covenant

Front 59

ultimate/supreme power in a state

Back 59

sovereignty

Front 60

document giving a public official power to search property without restrictions

Back 60

writ of assistance

Front 61

compensation for a loss or wrong done

Back 61

redress of grievances

Front 62

certain historically established rights that all English subjects were understood to have

Back 62

rights of Englishmen

Front 63

document from a government or ruler granting certain rights or right to found a colony

Back 63

charter

Front 64

person who voluntarily sold their labor in return for passage to the American colonies

Back 64

indentured servant

Front 65

lower level judicial officer, public official

Back 65

magistrate

Front 66

agreement among Plymouth settler to submit to laws for the common good

Back 66

Mayflower Compact

Front 67

formal contract between two or more parties or states

Back 67

compact

Front 68

rules that apply in absence of man-made law

Back 68

law of nature

Front 69

document giving power to search and seize property without restrictions

Back 69

writs of assistance

Front 70

political organization of sovereign states that combine for specific purposes

Back 70

confederation

Front 71

each slave represented a portion of a person for the purpose of representation

Back 71

three-fifths compromise

Front 72

act of a legislature that inflicts punishment on an individual or group without judicial process

Back 72

bill of attainder

Front 73

when the majority fails to respect the rights and interests of the minority

Back 73

majority tyranny