A&p - Final - Ch. 3

Front 1

1-

The structural and functional unit of living organisms is the _____________.

Back 1

Cell

Front 2

5- List the parts of the cell theory.

Back 2

1-Cells are the building blocks of all plants and animals, 2-Cells are produced by the division of preexisting cell, 3-Cells are the smallest unit that perform all vital physiological function, 4-Each cell maintains homeostasis at the cellular leveL, 5-Homeostasis at the tissue, organ, organ system and organism level reflects the combined and coordinated actions of many cells

Front 3

7- For the following, choose prokaryotic or eukaryotic

Human body cells, plant cells, protest cells

Back 3

Eukaryotic

Front 4

9- For the following, choose prokaryotic or eukaryotic,
--Bacterial cells

Back 4

bacterial cells

Front 5

18- What does the plasma membrane consist of?

Back 5

Consists of two lipid layers (phospholipids) arranged tail to tail with suspended proteins

Front 6

21- List the functions of the plasma membrane.

Back 6

1. physical isolation- physical barrier that separates the inside of the cell from the surrounding extracellular fluid (interstitial fluid)
2. regulation of exchange with the environment– controls the entry of ions and nutrients, elimination of wastes, release of secretions
3. sensitivity – first to react to changes in the extracellular fluid
4. structural support – gives stability to cells, tissues

Front 7

26- What is the purpose of microvilli?

Back 7

increase the cell’s surface area for more absorption

Front 8

27- The cellular material outside the nucleus and inside the plasma membrane is known as ____________.

Back 8

The Cytoplasm

Front 9

29 High concentration of Na ions and low concentration of K ions

Back 9

Extracellular Fluid

Front 10

33-High concentration of K ions and low concentration of Na ions

Back 10

Cytosol

Front 11

39-What organelle is involved in the formation of the spindle fibers during mitosis?

Back 11

Centrioles

Front 12

41-Ribosomes are the site of __________________.

Back 12

protein synthesis

Front 13

43-What organelle is the powerhouse of the cell?

Back 13

Mitochondria

Front 14

48-What serves as a minicirculatory system for the cell?

Back 14

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Front 15

52-What does the golgi apparatus do?

Back 15

a. Consists of 5 or 6 flattened membranous discs called cisternae
b. Modifies and packages secretions, such as hormones or enzymes, for release through exocytosis
c. Renews or modifies the cell membrane – This is how the membrane changes over time
d. Packages special enzymes within vesicles for use in the cytosol

Front 16

57-What is the control center of the cell?

Back 16

The Nucleus

Front 17

61-Chromatin threads coil and condense to form ___________________.

Back 17

chromosomes

Front 18

62-What type of permeability does the plasma membrane have? What does this mean?

Back 18

The plasma membrane is selectively permeable-- allows some substances to pass while excluding others.

Front 19

63-What are the two main types of passive transport?

Back 19

Diffusion and Filtration

Front 20

64-The process by which molecules and ions scatter themselves throughout available space is known as____________________.

Back 20

Diffusion

Front 21

65- In diffusion, molecules move from _________ to ___________ concentrations.

Back 21

high, low

Front 22

70-The simple diffusion of water is _______________.

Back 22

osmosis

Front 23

71-In osmosis, water will flow toward the solution with a _____________ concentration of solutes. (higher or lower)

Back 23

higher

Front 24

85-What are the two types of active transport?

Back 24

Solute Pumping & Bulk Transport

Front 25

88- Which of those moves substances into the cell? Out of the cell?

Back 25

Solute pumping- in, bulk transport- out

Front 26

90-What is the cell life cycle?

Back 26

series of changes a cell goes through from the time it is formed until it divides

Front 27

91-What are the two main parts of the cell life cycle?

Back 27

interphase – longest phase, cells grows and carries on its usual metabolic activities, DNA is replicated
&
cell division – cell reproduces itself (M – phase – mitosis or meiosis

Front 28

96- The division of the nucleus is known as ____________.

Back 28

mitosis

Front 29

97-What are the 4 stages of mitosis?

Back 29

Pro, Meta, Ana, Telo

Front 30

98-For the following, choose the stage of mitosis that is best described.

Chromosomes aligned at the center of the spindle

Back 30

Metaphase

Front 31

101-For the following, choose the stage of mitosis that is best described.

Chromosomes move toward opposite ends of the cell

Back 31

Anaphase

Front 32

102-For the following, choose the stage of mitosis that is best described.

Centrioles separate and move to opposite poles

Back 32

Prophase

Front 33

103-For the following, choose the stage of mitosis that is best described.

Nuclear envelop forms and nucleoli appear

Back 33

Telophase

Front 34

113- The process of going from DNA to mRNA is known as _____________.

Back 34

Protein Synthesis-- Transcription

Front 35

114- The process of going from mRNA to protein is known as _____________.

Back 35

Translation

Front 36

115- If I give you a strand of DNA, be able to give me a complementary strand, mRNA strand, and the amino acid sequence.

Back 36

Remember that RNA does not contain the base thymine. Instead it contains uracil and matches with adenine. A-T, C-G

mRNA- U-A