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173 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
PHYSIOLOGY – ;
|
THE SCIENCE THA IS CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTION OF LIVING ORGANISM AND ITS PARTS AND OF THE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROCESSES INVOLVED
|
|
|
PHYSIOLOGY – ;THE SCIENCE THA IS CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTION OF LIVING ORGANISM AND ITS PARTS AND OF THE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROCESSES INVOLVED
|
THE SCIENCE THA IS CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTION OF LIVING ORGANISM AND ITS PARTS AND OF THE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROCESSES INVOLVED
|
|
|
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
|
THE STUDY OF DISORDERED BODY FUNCTION ( ie disease)
|
|
|
BASIC UNIT =
|
CELL
|
|
|
ORDER OF LIVING THINGS
|
CELLS, TISSUE, ORGANS, ORGAN SYSTEMS
|
|
|
EXAMPLE OF TISSUES
|
MUSCLES, EPITHELIAL, NERVOUS
|
|
|
EXAMPLE OF ORGANS
|
KIDNESY, HEART, LIVER, PANCREAS
|
|
|
EXAMPLE OF ORGAN SYSTEM
|
CARDIOVASCUALR, URINARY
|
|
|
REGULATION IS
|
KEY
|
|
|
The maintenance of a stable “ milieu interieur who said
|
Claude Bernard
|
|
|
NEGATIVE FEEBACK PROMOTES
|
STABLIITY, NOTE MOST FEEDBACK IN BODY IS NEGATIVE
|
|
|
POSITIVE FEEDBACK PROMOTES
|
CHANGE , NORMAL HEALTH, CAN ALSO LEAD TO DIEASE AND INSTABILITY
|
|
|
LIST THE PART OF A CELL
|
NUCLEOLUS, NUCLEOPLASM, NUCLEUS, NUCLEAR MEMEB RANCE, CYTOPLASM, CELL MEMEBRANE
|
|
|
A CELL IS WHAT %
|
WATER; 70-85%
|
|
|
MEMBRANES ARE COMPOSED OF TWO THINGS
|
WATER SOLUBLE MATERIAL AND FAT
|
|
|
WHAT TYPES OF THINGS CAN NOT PASS THROUGH THE MEMBERANE DUE TO SIZE AND MAKE UP
|
IONS, GLUCOSE, ( WAY TO BIG) NEED A CARRIER
|
|
|
WHAT THINGS CAN PASS THROUGH MEMEBERANE
|
UREA, CO2, H2O, N2, O2, (SMALL)
|
|
|
PROTEINS PROVIDE SPECIFICITY TO A MEMEBRANCE
|
DEFINE MEMBRANE WHAT GOES IN /OUT OF MEMBRANE
|
|
|
PROTEIN INTEGRAL
|
CHANNELS, PORES, CARRIERS, ENZYMES
|
|
|
PROTEIN PERIPHERAL
|
ENZYMES, INTRACELLULAR, SIGNAL MEDIATORS, (FLIP FLOP)
|
|
|
CELL MEMBRANE IS FULL OF WHAT TWO THINGS
|
PROTEIN AND CARBOHYDRATES
|
|
|
CARBOHYDRATES ARE NEGATIVELY CHARGED AND REPEL OTHER NEGATIV E CHARGES
|
REPEL OTHER NEGATIV E CHARGES
|
|
|
THESE PLAY A ROLE IN THE IMMUNE REACTION
|
CARBOHYDRATES
|
|
|
THIS WILL DECREASE THE FLUIDITY AND PREMEABILITY OF THE MEMBERANE
|
CHOLESTROL
|
|
|
THIS DECREASES A MEMBRANCES FLEXABILITY AND STABILITY
|
CHOLESTROL
|
|
|
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
|
NETWORK OF TUBLUAR AND FLAT VESICULAR STRUCTURES
|
|
|
ROUGH OR GRANULAR ER
|
TUBLUAR AND FLAT VESICULAR ARE COVERED WITH RIBOSOMES (A LOT OF PROTEIN RIBOSOMES ARE MADE UP OF PROTEIN)
|
|
|
ROUGH ER =
|
PROTEIN
|
|
|
SMOOTH ER =
|
FAT – CHOLESTROL
|
|
|
SMOOTH ER IS THE SITE FOR WHAT
|
LIPID SYNTHESIS PHSOPHOLIPIDS & CHOLESTROL
|
|
|
GOLGI APPARATUS
|
SIMILAR TO THAT OF THE SMOOTH ER AND THE PLASMA MEMBRANE 4 OR MORE STACKED LAYERS OF FLAT VESICULAR STRUCTURES
|
|
|
EXOCYTOSIS
|
ER FUSES OR MELTS INTO PLASMA MEMBRANCE , THEN IS RELEASED INTO PANCERATIC DUCT.
|
|
|
LYSOSOMES (BAG OF DEATH)
|
ORGANELLE FROM GOLGI, CONTAIN; HYDROLYTIC ENZYMES (ACID HYDROLASES) PHOSOPHATAES. CAN KILL CELL IF IT IS USED UP.
|
|
|
PEROXISOMES ( THE CLEANER)
|
LIKE BLEACH OR ALCOHOL, SIMILAR TO LYSOSOMES, MADE BY SELF REPLICATION AND CONTAIN OXIDASES, MAIN FUNCTION TO CLEAN UP, STOP TOXICITY
|
|
|
EXTRACTION OF ENERGY FROM NUTRIENTS ATP & CREATE THEIR OWN DNA
|
MITOCHONDRIA
|
|
|
ENDOCYTOSIS
|
TO GET INTO THE CELL
|
|
|
RME
|
RECEPTOR MEDIATED ENDOCYTOSIS; NEEDED FOR ATP TO MOVED MYOSIN AND ACTIN INTO CELL
|
|
|
DNA IS FOUND IN ONLY ONE STRUCTURE
|
NUCLEUS
|
|
|
RNA IS FOUND IN WHAT STRUCTURE
|
CYTOPLASM
|
|
|
DNA MUST TRANSFROM TO WHAT STRUCTURE TO LEAVE THE NUCLEUS
|
RNA
|
|
|
LIST BIOLOGY MOLECULAR STRUCTURE START WITH DNA END WITH CELL FUCTION
|
DNA, RNA, PROTEIN, STRUCTURAL FORM, ENZYMES, CELL FUNCTION
|
|
|
DNA TRANSFORMED INTO RNA IS CALLED WHAT
|
TRANSCRIPTION
|
|
|
TRANSCRIPTION TAKES PLACE WHERE
|
NUCLEUS ONLY WERE DNA LIVES
|
|
|
EXPLAIN RNA POLYMERASE (ENZYME)
|
WHEN DNA IS TRANFORMED INTO RNA IN THE NUCLEUS RNA POLYMERASE IS WHAT BINDS THE NEW RNA TOGETHER.
|
|
|
RNA STRAND IS MADE GENE BY GENE TO GET COMPLETED IT IS KNOWN AS
|
MESSENGER RNA TO GET OUT INTO CYTOPLASM
|
|
|
THIS RNA CAN BE FOUND IN THE CYTOPLASM, IT READS THE MESSENGER RNA AND SELECTS THE APPROPRIATE AMION ACID AT JUST THE RIGHT TIME AND ATTACHES IT TO THE MESSENGER RNA TO CREATE THE RIGHT PROTEIN WHAT IS
|
TRANSFER RNA
|
|
|
WHEN DNA IS TRANFORMED INTO RNA AND RNA POLYMERASE IS USED TO BIND SELECT GENES OF DNA TOGETHER IN NUCLEUS AND THIS IS COMPLETED WHAT TYPE OF RNA IS READY TO MOVE OUT INTO THE CYTOPLAMS
|
MESSENGER RNA
|
|
|
WHAT ENZYME IS USED TO LINK DNA AND RNA IN THE NUCLEUS
|
RNA PLYMERASE
|
|
|
TRUE OR FALSE PROTEINS ARE MADE IN NUCLEUS
|
FALSE
|
|
|
TRUE OR FALSE PROTEINS ARE FOUND IN THE NUCLEUS
|
TRUE
|
|
|
NAME THE THREE TYPES OF RNA IN ORDER OF MAKING PROTIENS
|
MESSENGER RNA, TRANSFER RNA (AA), Ribosome RNA (MAKE PROTIEN)
|
|
|
THE FORMATION OF MESSENGER RNA, TRANSFER RNA AND RIBSOMOME RNA ARE KNOWN AS WHAT PROCESS
|
TRANSLATION
|
|
|
WERE DOES TRANSLATION OCURR
|
IN THE CYTOPLASM
|
|
|
TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSLATION ARE USED TO CREATE WHAT
|
PROTEINS NOT DNA
|
|
|
WE CAN TURN OFF TRANSCRIPTION IN THE NUCLEUS OF A GENE BY USING
|
REPRESSOR OPERATORS
|
|
|
THESE OPERATORS ARE USED IN THE NUCLEUS TO TRUN ON TRANSC RIPTION FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SPECIFIC PROTEINS
|
ACTIVATOR OPERATIORS
|
|
|
CELL CYCLE =
|
DNA REPLICAITON
|
|
|
WHAT TYPE OF CELLS ARE ALWAYS IN THE PROCESS OF DNA REPLICAITON
|
EPITHEAL CELLS
|
|
|
WHAT TYPE OF CELLS DO NOT REPLICATE
|
MUCSLE AND NERVE TISSUE
|
|
|
NUMBER ONE TYPE OF CELL RELATED TO ALMOST ALL CANCER
|
EPITHEAL CELLS.
|
|
|
DNA PROOF READERS
|
DNA POLYMERASE
|
|
|
DNA POLYMERASE IS USED IN DNA REPLICAITON OR TRANSCRIPTION
|
DNA REPLICATION
|
|
|
GLOBULAR HISTONES HOLD DNA TOGETHER DURING DNA REPLICAITON, WHAT GIVES STRUC TURE
|
PROTEIN
|
|
|
WHAT DETERMINES THE RATE OF CELL GROWTH
|
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK, CONTACT INHIBITION (IF THEY TOUCH THEY STOP GROWING), GROWTH FACTOR (WATER, SALT, BLOOD OF FETAL COWS)
|
|
|
The normal genes
|
Proto – Oncogenes
|
|
|
The abnormal genes
|
Oncongenes
|
|
|
LIST THINGS THAT CAN CAUSE MUTATIONS
|
IONIZING RADATION, CHEMICALS, PHYSICAL IRRITANTS, HEREDITARY, VIRUSES
|
|
|
NA + mM on the outside of the cell
|
140
|
|
|
K+ mM on the inside of the cell
|
140
|
|
|
K+ mM on the outside of the cell
|
5
|
|
|
Na+ mM on the inside of the cell
|
5
|
|
|
NAME TWO CAT IONS
|
Na+, K+
|
|
|
What does protein provide in member
|
Specificity and Function
|
|
|
Diffusion
|
occurs down a concentration gradient with or without energy; without
|
|
|
Active Transport occurs against gradient and always needs a carrier true or false
|
true
|
|
|
True or False Active Transport needs Metabolic Energy
|
True
|
|
|
Molecules with active charge do not cross membranes with ease
|
true
|
|
|
Simple Diffusion is when things float across membranes True or False
|
True
|
|
|
Facilitated Diffusion takes things through to the membrane with a carrier (no pump) True or False
|
True
|
|
|
True or False Active Transport always moves things against concentration gradient
|
TRUE BURNS ATP (METABLOIC ENERGY)
|
|
|
Ca++ is found on the outside or the inside of cell
|
Outside of cell. So wants to come in.
|
|
|
This type of transport uses a pump to pump out Na+ against it contraction gradient and ATP is burned and used on site this is what type of Active Transport Primary or Secondary
|
Primary
|
|
|
This type of transport takes in Na+ and pumps out Ca++ against its concentration gradient and it does so without using or burning ATP at the site what is Active Transport Primary or Secondary
|
Secondary
|
|
|
True or False Simple Diffusion materials can over saturate membrane
|
False, just float through can never over saturate
|
|
|
True or False Facilitated Diffusion material can over saturate membrane
|
True to many carriers or channels open up and membrane become full.
|
|
|
mOsm =
|
Millisomolar
|
|
|
Milisomolar of blood
|
270 -290 mOsm
|
|
|
PHYSIOLOGY – ;THE SCIENCE THA IS CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTION OF LIVING ORGANISM AND ITS PARTS AND OF THE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROCESSES INVOLVED
|
THE SCIENCE THA IS CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTION OF LIVING ORGANISM AND ITS PARTS AND OF THE PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROCESSES INVOLVED
|
|
|
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
|
THE STUDY OF DISORDERED BODY FUNCTION ( ie disease)
|
|
|
BASIC UNIT =
|
CELL
|
|
|
ORDER OF LIVING THINGS
|
CELLS, TISSUE, ORGANS, ORGAN SYSTEMS
|
|
|
EXAMPLE OF TISSUES
|
MUSCLES, EPITHELIAL, NERVOUS
|
|
|
EXAMPLE OF ORGANS
|
KIDNESY, HEART, LIVER, PANCREAS
|
|
|
EXAMPLE OF ORGAN SYSTEM
|
CARDIOVASCUALR, URINARY
|
|
|
REGULATION IS
|
KEY
|
|
|
The maintenance of a stable “ milieu interieur who said
|
Claude Bernard
|
|
|
NEGATIVE FEEBACK PROMOTES
|
STABLIITY, NOTE MOST FEEDBACK IN BODY IS NEGATIVE
|
|
|
POSITIVE FEEDBACK PROMOTES
|
CHANGE , NORMAL HEALTH, CAN ALSO LEAD TO DIEASE AND INSTABILITY
|
|
|
LIST THE PART OF A CELL
|
NUCLEOLUS, NUCLEOPLASM, NUCLEUS, NUCLEAR MEMEB RANCE, CYTOPLASM, CELL MEMEBRANE
|
|
|
A CELL IS WHAT %
|
WATER; 70-85%
|
|
|
MEMBRANES ARE COMPOSED OF TWO THINGS
|
WATER SOLUBLE MATERIAL AND FAT
|
|
|
WHAT TYPES OF THINGS CAN NOT PASS THROUGH THE MEMBERANE DUE TO SIZE AND MAKE UP
|
IONS, GLUCOSE, ( WAY TO BIG) NEED A CARRIER
|
|
|
WHAT THINGS CAN PASS THROUGH MEMEBERANE
|
UREA, CO2, H2O, N2, O2, (SMALL)
|
|
|
PROTEINS PROVIDE SPECIFICITY TO A MEMEBRANCE
|
DEFINE MEMBRANE WHAT GOES IN /OUT OF MEMBRANE
|
|
|
PROTEIN INTEGRAL
|
CHANNELS, PORES, CARRIERS, ENZYMES
|
|
|
PROTEIN PERIPHERAL
|
ENZYMES, INTRACELLULAR, SIGNAL MEDIATORS, (FLIP FLOP)
|
|
|
CELL MEMBRANE IS FULL OF WHAT TWO THINGS
|
PROTEIN AND CARBOHYDRATES
|
|
|
CARBOHYDRATES ARE NEGATIVELY CHARGED AND REPEL OTHER NEGATIV E CHARGES
|
AND REPEL OTHER NEGATIV E CHARGES
|
|
|
THESE PLAY A ROLE IN THE IMMUNE REACTION
|
CARBOHYDRATES
|
|
|
THIS WILL DECREASE THE FLUIDITY AND PREMEABILITY OF THE MEMBERANE
|
CHOLESTROL
|
|
|
THIS DECREASES A MEMBRANCES FLEXABILITY AND STABILITY
|
CHOLESTROL
|
|
|
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
|
NETWORK OF TUBLUAR AND FLAT VESICULAR STRUCTURES
|
|
|
ROUGH OR GRANULAR ER
|
TUBLUAR AND FLAT VESICULAR ARE COVERED WITH RIBOSOMES (A LOT OF PROTEIN RIBOSOMES ARE MADE UP OF PROTEIN)
|
|
|
ROUGH ER =
|
PROTEIN
|
|
|
SMOOTH ER =
|
FAT – CHOLESTROL
|
|
|
SMOOTH ER IS THE SITE FOR WHAT
|
LIPID SYNTHESIS PHSOPHOLIPIDS & CHOLESTROL
|
|
|
GOLGI APPARATUS
|
SIMILAR TO THAT OF THE SMOOTH ER AND THE PLASMA MEMBRANE 4 OR MORE STACKED LAYERS OF FLAT VESICULAR STRUCTURES
|
|
|
EXOCYTOSIS
|
ER FUSES OR MELTS INTO PLASMA MEMBRANCE , THEN IS RELEASED INTO PANCERATIC DUCT.
|
|
|
LYSOSOMES (BAG OF DEATH)
|
ORGANELLE FROM GOLGI, CONTAIN; HYDROLYTIC ENZYMES (ACID HYDROLASES) PHOSOPHATAES. CAN KILL CELL IF IT IS USED UP.
|
|
|
PEROXISOMES ( THE CLEANER)
|
LIKE BLEACH OR ALCOHOL, SIMILAR TO LYSOSOMES, MADE BY SELF REPLICATION AND CONTAIN OXIDASES, MAIN FUNCTION TO CLEAN UP, STOP TOXICITY
|
|
|
EXTRACTION OF ENERGY FROM NUTRIENTS ATP & CREATE THEIR OWN DNA
|
MITOCHONDRIA
|
|
|
ENDOCYTOSIS
|
TO GET INTO THE CELL
|
|
|
RME
|
RECEPTOR MEDIATED ENDOCYTOSIS; NEEDED FOR ATP TO MOVED MYOSIN AND ACTIN INTO CELL
|
|
|
DNA IS FOUND IN ONLY ONE STRUCTURE
|
NUCLEUS
|
|
|
RNA IS FOUND IN WHAT STRUCTURE
|
CYTOPLASM
|
|
|
DNA MUST TRANSFROM TO WHAT STRUCTURE TO LEAVE THE NUCLEUS
|
RNA
|
|
|
LIST BIOLOGY MOLECULAR STRUCTURE START WITH DNA END WITH CELL FUCTION
|
DNA, RNA, PROTEIN, STRUCTURAL FORM, ENZYMES, CELL FUNCTION
|
|
|
DNA TRANSFORMED INTO RNA IS CALLED WHAT
|
TRANSCRIPTION
|
|
|
TRANSCRIPTION TAKES PLACE WHERE
|
NUCLEUS ONLY WERE DNA LIVES
|
|
|
EXPLAIN RNA POLYMERASE (ENZYME)
|
WHEN DNA IS TRANFORMED INTO RNA IN THE NUCLEUS RNA POLYMERASE IS WHAT BINDS THE NEW RNA TOGETHER.
|
|
|
RNA STRAND IS MADE GENE BY GENE TO GET COMPLETED IT IS KNOWN AS
|
MESSENGER RNA TO GET OUT INTO CYTOPLASM
|
|
|
THIS RNA CAN BE FOUND IN THE CYTOPLASM, IT READS THE MESSENGER RNA AND SELECTS THE APPROPRIATE AMION ACID AT JUST THE RIGHT TIME AND ATTACHES IT TO THE MESSENGER RNA TO CREATE THE RIGHT PROTEIN WHAT IS
|
TRANSFER RNA
|
|
|
WHEN DNA IS TRANFORMED INTO RNA AND RNA POLYMERASE IS USED TO BIND SELECT GENES OF DNA TOGETHER IN NUCLEUS AND THIS IS COMPLETED WHAT TYPE OF RNA IS READY TO MOVE OUT INTO THE CYTOPLAMS
|
MESSENGER RNA
|
|
|
WHAT ENZYME IS USED TO LINK DNA AND RNA IN THE NUCLEUS
|
RNA PLYMERASE
|
|
|
TRUE OR FALSE PROTEINS ARE MADE IN NUCLEUS
|
FALSE
|
|
|
TRUE OR FALSE PROTEINS ARE FOUND IN THE NUCLEUS
|
TRUE
|
|
|
NAME THE THREE TYPES OF RNA IN ORDER OF MAKING PROTIENS
|
MESSENGER RNA, TRANSFER RNA (AA), Ribosome RNA (MAKE PROTIEN)
|
|
|
THE FORMATION OF MESSENGER RNA, TRANSFER RNA AND RIBSOMOME RNA ARE KNOWN AS WHAT PROCESS
|
TRANSLATION
|
|
|
WERE DOES TRANSLATION OCURR
|
IN THE CYTOPLASM
|
|
|
TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSLATION ARE USED TO CREATE WHAT
|
PROTEINS NOT DNA
|
|
|
WE CAN TURN OFF TRANSCRIPTION IN THE NUCLEUS OF A GENE BY USING
|
REPRESSOR OPERATORS
|
|
|
THESE OPERATORS ARE USED IN THE NUCLEUS TO TRUN ON TRANSC RIPTION FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SPECIFIC PROTEINS
|
ACTIVATOR OPERATIORS
|
|
|
CELL CYCLE =
|
DNA REPLICAITON
|
|
|
WHAT TYPE OF CELLS ARE ALWAYS IN THE PROCESS OF DNA REPLICAITON
|
EPITHEAL CELLS
|
|
|
WHAT TYPE OF CELLS DO NOT REPLICATE
|
MUCSLE AND NERVE TISSUE
|
|
|
NUMBER ONE TYPE OF CELL RELATED TO ALMOST ALL CANCER
|
EPITHEAL CELLS.
|
|
|
DNA PROOF READERS
|
DNA POLYMERASE
|
|
|
DNA POLYMERASE IS USED IN DNA REPLICAITON OR TRANSCRIPTION
|
DNA REPLICATION
|
|
|
GLOBULAR HISTONES HOLD DNA TOGETHER DURING DNA REPLICAITON, WHAT GIVES STRUC TURE
|
PROTEIN
|
|
|
WHAT DETERMINES THE RATE OF CELL GROWTH
|
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK, CONTACT INHIBITION (IF THEY TOUCH THEY STOP GROWING), GROWTH FACTOR (WATER, SALT, BLOOD OF FETAL COWS)
|
|
|
The normal genes
|
Proto – Oncogenes
|
|
|
The abnormal genes
|
Oncongenes
|
|
|
LIST THINGS THAT CAN CAUSE MUTATIONS
|
IONIZING RADATION, CHEMICALS, PHYSICAL IRRITANTS, HEREDITARY, VIRUSES
|
|
|
NA + mM on the outside of the cell
|
140
|
|
|
K+ mM on the inside of the cell
|
140
|
|
|
K+ mM on the outside of the cell
|
5
|
|
|
Na+ mM on the inside of the cell
|
5
|
|
|
NAME TWO CAT IONS
|
Na+, K+
|
|
|
What does protein provide in member
|
Specificity and Function
|
|
|
Diffusion
|
occurs down a concentration gradient with or without energy; without
|
|
|
Active Transport occurs against gradient and always needs a carrier true or false
|
true
|
|
|
True or False Active Transport needs Metabolic Energy
|
True
|
|
|
Molecules with active charge do not cross membranes with ease
|
true
|
|
|
Simple Diffusion is when things float across membranes True or False
|
True
|
|
|
Facilitated Diffusion takes things through to the membrane with a carrier (no pump) True or False
|
True
|
|
|
True or False Active Transport always moves things against concentration gradient
|
TRUE BURNS ATP (METABLOIC ENERGY)
|
|
|
Ca++ is found on the outside or the inside of cell
|
Outside of cell. So wants to come in.
|
|
|
This type of transport uses a pump to pump out Na+ against it contraction gradient and ATP is burned and used on site this is what type of Active Transport Primary or Secondary
|
Primary
|
|
|
This type of transport takes in Na+ and pumps out Ca++ against its concentration gradient and it does so without using or burning ATP at the site what is Active Transport Primary or Secondary
|
Secondary
|
|
|
True or False Simple Diffusion materials can over saturate membrane
|
False, just float through can never over saturate
|
|
|
True or False Facilitated Diffusion material can over saturate membrane
|
True to many carriers or channels open up and membrane become full.
|
|
|
mOsm =
|
Millisomolar
|
|
|
Milisomolar of blood
|
270 -290 mOsm
|
