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20 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

What is visceral pain?

Usually comes from the inside of an organ.




They typically don't have many pain receptors on the inside.




Dull pain.

What is parietal pain?




Are there a lot of pain receptors associated?




What nerve fibers transport pain?




Is it well localized?

Pain that originates from some type of lining.




There are huge amounts of pain receptors in these linings.




C and A delta fibers (sharp pain)




It is localized to the area around the stimuli

What is the lining in the Abdomen?


Lungs?


Heart?

Parietal Perotineum


Parietal Pleura


Parietal Pericardium

What is the example organ for the two types of pain?




Where are there pain receptors?


Which one do they represent?




Which one is easier to locate?


Where do you feel visceral pain?

Appendix




Deep tissue(visceral) and outside in the surrounding areas(Parietal)




Parietal pain(sharp) in LRQ, visceral pain


Umbilical cord(dull)

How does the visceral pain transmitted up to a higher lvl in the spinal cord?




Where is parietal appendix pain transmitted?


Where is visceral appendix pain transmitted?

They are connected to the sympathetic chain ganglia that run parallel to our spinal cord, and it jumps about 3-4 lvls.




L1


T10

Which pain can be quelled? and How?

Parietal pain can be relieved via pressure

What is Lateral inhibition?




Is this system more efficient? Explain.

It's when one receptor inhibits the neighboring receptors, when pressure is placed on the receptor.




Yes, you will not have to fire action potentials as quickly

At what speed does one pressure sensor fire?


By how many Hz does the one receptor inhibit everyone around it?


Are receptors connected?

15 Hz(impulses per second)


5 Hz


Yes

So what if you have just a little bit of pressure on a neighboring receptor?

It is inhibited by the activated neighboring receptor to give a crisper picture.

What else can give us defined edges in lateral inhibition?

Every receptor on the outside will fire at a faster rate than the center receptors.

How does lateral inhibition help pain in the dorsal horn?

It works like the receptor, as the pressure sensor and pain information enter the dorsal horn they can inhibit pain signals in the neurons next to them. There are receptors on both neurons to allow inhibition.

What is referred pain?

Because our body has a lack of training, it is difficult for it to locate where the pain is coming from, so it goes back to whatever was part of what organs in embryo stage and distinct, which could be in a different location.

So where would you have referred pain for your heart?


Stomach?


Liver capsule/gallbladder?


Ureters?


Addendix?

neck and L arm


Heart


Right abdomen


Lower back/groin


Umbilical region

What are the things we need for a spinal reflex?




What do we have for most reflex arcs, but not all?

Sensory component in the dorsal root and there needs to be muscle output in the ventral root.




There is an interneuron

What can an interneuron do?

It can be inhibitory or excitatory in nature

What is the simplest of the reflex arcs?

Stretch reflex arc

What is the stretch reflex arc?

Keeps the muscle at a consistent position/length


Stretch to the muscle causes muscle to contract.


This is where the sensory neuron innervates a motor neuron.




Check this with tendon test

What is the tendon reflex?

There is always an inhibitory interneuron. Prevent your muscle from being pulled out of place. If you are approaching a dangerous amount of stretch, you let go on the load.




Golgi Tendon stretch sensed > excites inhibitory inter neuron > Releases glycine or chloride > muscle relaxes




Can be overridden with training or under crazy circumstances.

What is the flexor reflex?

Based on removing body from the painful stimulus to prevent injury.




Interneuron excites two other interneurons one causes contraction of flexor muscles and the other causes relaxation of extensor muscles to get away from painful stimuli.




We may not be able to recruit enough motor neurons, so what we do is the tract of lissaur sends the information up and down the spinal cord.

What is the Crossed Extensor Reflex?

Goes across the spinal cord to activate other interneurons to contract the extensor muscle and relax the flexor muscle, while also activating interneurons on the same side to contract the flexor muscle and relax the extensor muscle. The tract of lissaur is still in play on the same side.