A+P Exam 3: Respiratory System

Front 1

O2 supplies oxygen to the ____
CO2 removes carbon dioxide from the _____

Back 1

tissues
tissues

Front 2

this zone is site of gas exchange (bronchioles, alveoli)

Back 2

respiratory zone

Front 3

this zone is a duct system, also cleanses, humidifies and warms air

Back 3

conducting zone

Front 4

olfactory mucosa is found in the superios nasal cavity and is lined with these cells and these receptors??? the rest of the nasal cavity is lined with these cells?

Back 4

epithelial cells with olfactory receptors
pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Front 5

the nasal cavity secrets how much mucus per day

Back 5

1 Q

Front 6

the epithelial are _____
when they get to cold your nose ____

Back 6

ciliated
drips

Front 7

this structure increases surface area and air turbelance

Back 7

conchae

Front 8

these sinuses warm and moisten air and produce mucus

Back 8

paranasal sinus

Front 9

this structure is only an airway and is closed off during swallowing by the uvula and soft palate and is lined with?

Back 9

nasopharynx
ciliated pseudostratified epithelium

Front 10

this structure is air and food pass through and is lined with this?

Back 10

oropharynx
stratifed squamous epi.

Front 11

this structure air and food pass through and is lined with this? and is continous with the esophagus

Back 11

laryngopharynx
strat. sq. epi

Front 12

this structure provides an open air way, route air and food in right direction and voice production

Back 12

larynx

Front 13

if you have tense vocal cords and glottis narrow the sound is _____
if you have decrease tension, glottis wide, the sound is ___

Back 13

high
deep

Front 14

this structure is divided into 2 bronchi, and has walls of mucosa, submucosa and adventita

Back 14

trachea

Front 15

this section of the trachea is lined with pseudo. strat. ciliated epi. and has cilia which propel debris toward pharynx

Back 15

mucosa

Front 16

this section of the trachea is made of connective tissue and has lots of serous and mucus glands

Back 16

submucosa

Front 17

this section of the trachea is connective tissue and has many rings (16-20), prevents collapsing

Back 17

adventita

Front 18

this muscle allows esophagus to expand and contracts during coughing

Back 18

trachealis muscle increase force of expired air up to 100 mph, help expel mucus from trachea

Front 19

the last tracheal cartliage is called:

Back 19

carina

Front 20

as bronchil get smaller rings of cart have _____ plates, bronchioles have no _______, the lining goes from columnar to ______ and cilia _______.

Back 20

irregular
cartilage
cubodial
decreases

Front 21

this internal structure of the lungs is a single layer of squamous epit. cell and is covered by a cobweb of pul. caps, contains macrophages and has pores to equalize pressure

Back 21

alveoli

Front 22

the respiratory membrane consist of:

Back 22

alveolar
basal lamina
cap. membrane

Front 23

cubodial type II cells secrete this onto alveolar epit. to help the lungs from collapsing

Back 23

surfactant

Front 24

____ coats alveolar walls and acts to pull them inward, but this interrupts polar force between the H2O molecules

Back 24

H2O
surfactant

Front 25

each lung has ____ segments each having its own bronchus, artery, vein

Back 25

10-can remove one and still be fine

Front 26

the lobules are ____ shaped surrounded by connective tis.
this is the rest of lung tissue and is mainly elastic conn. tissue

Back 26

hexagonal
stroma-soft spongy

Front 27

2 ciruclations of the lungs?

Back 27

pulmonary circulation
bronchial circulation

Front 28

this circulation delivers de-oxygenated blood for O2, returns to blood, large volume, low pressure

Back 28

pulmonary cir

Front 29

this circulation is blood supply to lungs

Back 29

bronchial cir

Front 30

the pleurae consist of 2 layers:

Back 30

parietal and visceral

Front 31

atmospheric pressure=

Back 31

760 mmHg

Front 32

inspiration or expiration?
diaphragm contracts, moves downward, increases volume of thorax

Back 32

inspiration

Front 33

this pressure rises and falls with breathing, but at the end of inspiration and expiration it equals

Back 33

intrapulmonary pressure Palv

Front 34

this pressure flucates with breathing, always about 4 mmHg, always negative

Back 34

intrapleural pressure Pip

Front 35

what are the two forces that pull the lungs away from the thorax?

Back 35

1. Elasticity of lungs causes lungs to recoil to smallest size
2. surface tension of alveolar fluid acts to collapse aveoli

Front 36

if Pip= Palv or Patm what happens?

Back 36

lung wall collapses (pneumothorax-atelectasis)

Front 37

lung ventilation is based on Boyles law which states:

Back 37

P1V1=P2V2

Front 38

during inspiration volume increases by 500 ml, Palv drops by ____ mmHg, causing the Pip to be at ____ mmHg

Back 38

1
-6

Front 39

during expiration volume decreases Palv rises by ____mmHg

Back 39

1

Front 40

3 factors influencing ventilation?

Back 40

airway resistance
alveolar tension forces
lung compliance(strechness)

Front 41

respiratory volumes are recorded using a

Back 41

spirometer

Front 42

this volume is the volume of air inhaled during quite breathing (500 ml or 2.5 L)

Back 42

tidal volume

Front 43

amount of air that remains in lungs preventing lung collapse(1200 ml)

Back 43

residual volume

Front 44

volume of exchangeable air (4.8L)

Back 44

vital capacity

Front 45

total lung capacity is

Back 45

6 L

Front 46

minute ventilation also called ____ breathing is how many breaths a minute?

Back 46

quiet, 12

Front 47

the total pressure exerted by air is the sum of the pressures of each of the gases

Back 47

daltons law

Front 48

N2 is ____% ____mmHg

Back 48

78.6 and 597

Front 49

O2 is ____ % ____mmHg

Back 49

21 and 159

Front 50

CO2 is ____% ____mmHg

Back 50

0.04 and 0.3

Front 51

H2O is ____% ___mmHg

Back 51

.46% and 3.7

Front 52

in the alveoli there is more ____ and ___ and less ____

PO2=
PCO2=

Back 52

CO2 and H2O and O2
O2 into blood
CO2 into lungs
104 mmHg
40 mmHg

Front 53

in the pulmonary capillaries
PO2=
PCO2=

Back 53

40 mmHg
45 mmHg

Front 54

amt of gas reaching the alveoli must _____ the blood flow thru pul. caps

Back 54

equal

Front 55

if alveolar PO2 is low, arteriole ____ and blood is _____.

Back 55

constricts
redirected

Front 56

if alveolar PCO2 is high, bronchiole ____

Back 56

dilate

Front 57

when O2 binds with hemoglobin

Back 57

oxyhemoglobin

Front 58

curve shifts to the right when temp ____, _____ PCO2, ____H+ and O2 ____

Back 58

increases, increases, increases, decreases

Front 59

curve shifts to the left when temp ____, _____PCO2, _____H+ and O2 _____

Back 59

decreases, decreases, decreases, increases

Front 60

cells of body produce ____ml of CO2 per minute

Back 60

200

Front 61

CO2 is transported into blood 3 ways:

Back 61

1. dissolved in plasma
2. bound to Hb
3. in plasma as biocarbonate(buffer, CO2 to lungs)

Front 62

during plasma as bicarbonate CO2 and H2O make _____ which then breaks down to _____ and H+

Back 62

H2CO3, HCO3

Front 63

the enzyme used in the reaction bicarboante is

Back 63

carbonic anhydrase

Front 64

if H levels begin to rise, H+ combines with _____ to make H2CO3 which removes H+ and normalizes the pH

Back 64

HCO3

Front 65

decrease in vent, increase CO2 in blood, increase H2CO3, decrease of pH causes

Back 65

acidosis

Front 66

increase in vent, decrease CO@ in blood, decrease of H2CO3, increase oh pH causes

Back 66

alkalosis

Front 67

two centers in the medullary respiratory centers:

Back 67

DRG-dorsal resp group
VRG-ventral resp group

Front 68

this center is the basic rhythm of breathing

Back 68

VRG (inspiratory and exspiratory)

Front 69

normal respiratory rhythm is ___ per min
inhale ___ sec
exhale ___ sec
normal rate and rhythm is called ____

Back 69

12-15
2
3
eupnea

Front 70

not breathing _____
inability to breath lying down ______
strokes breathing _____

Back 70

apnea
orthopnea
cheyne

Front 71

this center integrates inputs from stretch and chemocreceptors and sends it to the VRG

Back 71

DRG

Front 72

this center modifies the activity of the medullary neurons, smooths out transitions from inhale to exhale

Back 72

pontine respiratory centers-fine tunes rhythms generated by the VRG during vocalization, sleep, exercise

Front 73

strech receptors send impulses to medulla to ___ inspiration and go quiet and can then inhale again this is called the ______ reflex which prevents excess stretching

Back 73

end
Hering-Brewer

Front 74

the most potent chemical for respiration is _____

Back 74

CO2

Front 75

CO2 in blood, CSF, H2CO3, dissociates into H+ and HCO3, the H+ ions excite chemo R's in medulla causing ______

Back 75

hyperventilation flushing out excess CO2

Front 76

chemoreceptors in aortic arch and cartoid arteries sense O2, PO2 levels must drop significantly in order to stimulate _________

Back 76

ventilation