A&p Exam 2

Front 1

How is the cardiovascular system organized?

Back 1

Pulmonary circuit

Systemic circuit

Blood vessels (Arteries,Capillaries, & Veins)

Front 2

What is the function of each area of the cardiovascular system?

Back 2

▪Pulmonary circuit - from right heart to lungs for gas exchange

▪Systemic circuit - from left heart to organs of body

▪Blood vessels - carry blood through the circuit

---> Arteries carry blood away from the heart

---> Capillaries permit nutrient/gas/waste exchange with tissues

---> Veins carry blood to the heart

Front 3

What gas is distributed from peripheral tissues into the lungs, and eliminated?

Back 3

Carbon dioxide

Front 4

Small vessels that distribute blood to a capillary bed

Back 4

arterioles

Front 5

The foramen in the fetal heart permitting a shunting of blood from the right to the left atrium is called a

Back 5

foramun ovale

Front 6

________ ____ ____ distributes deoxygenated blood to the right atrium from the head and neck

Back 6

Superior vena cava

Front 7

What relevant gas diffuses from the lungs into the blood?

Back 7

oxygen

Front 8

What regulates the passage of blood from the left ventricle into the aorta?

Back 8

semilunar valve

Front 9

What vessel receives blood from the left ventricle?

Back 9

aorta

Front 10

Small vessels that give rise to larger veins

Back 10

Venules

Front 11

This chamber ejects blood into the pulmonary circuit

Back 11

Right ventricle

Front 12

This chamber receives blood from the vena cava

Back 12

Right atrium

Front 13

Exchange vessels of the body

Back 13

capillaries

Front 14

Name the AV valve on the left side of the heart

Back 14

mitral valve

Front 15

What AV valve is located on the right side of the heart?

Back 15

tricuspid

Front 16

What vessels carry blood away from the heart?

Back 16

arteries

Front 17

Carries oxygenated blood back to the heart

Back 17

pulmonary veins

Front 18

What drains blood from the coronary circulation into the right atrium?

Back 18

coronary sinus

Front 19

Name the chamber that ejects blood into the systemic circuit

Back 19

Left ventricle

Front 20

What circuit provides oxygenated 2to peripheral tissues?

Back 20

systemic circuit

Front 21

Great vessel that bifuricates into the pulmonary arteries

Back 21

pulmonary trunk

Front 22

This chamber receives blood from the pulmonary circuit

Back 22

Left atrium

Front 23

Distributes deoxygenated blood to the right atrium from the abdominopelvic cavity and lower extremities

Back 23

Inferior vena cava

Front 24

The pulmonary trunk bifuricates into _________ ________.

Back 24

pulmonary arteries

Front 25

The _________________________ regulates the passage of blood from the right ventricle into the pulmonary trunk.

Back 25

pulmonary semilunar valve

Front 26

What permits the shunting of blood from the pulmonary trunk into the aorta in the fetal heart?

Back 26

ductusarteriosus

Front 27

What do you call the simple squamous lining of chamber walls and heart valves?

Back 27

endocardium

Hint 27

very thin and very shiny

Front 28

Give the name of the 'point' of the heart, located left of the midline.

Back 28

Apex

Front 29

Name the cavity surrounding the heart, formed by visceral and parietal pericardium.

Back 29

pericardial cavity

Front 30

This anchor the cusps of the AV valve to the papillary muscle:

Back 30

chordae tendinae

Hint 30

"heart strings"

Front 31

Inflammation of the pericardium due to infection

Back 31

pericarditis

Front 32

The valve that regulates blood flow from the atria to the ventricle

Back 32

atrioventrivular valve

Front 33

What is the narrowing of a valvular opening called?

Back 33

stenosis

Front 34

____________ skeleton; prevents overexpansion of the heart and provides elasticity.

Back 34

fibrous

Front 35

Has concentric layers of cardiac muscle tissue

Back 35

myocardium

Hint 35

thickest muscle layer

Front 36

The name of the sound produced by irregular blood flow or regurgitation of blood

Back 36

murmur

Front 37

Intercalated disc:

Back 37

double membrane separating adjacent cardiac myocytes; location of desmosomesans gap junctions between cells

Front 38

What region of the heart does great vessels emerge?

Back 38

The base

Front 39

The contraction of what muscles prevent blowback of AV valve cusps?

Back 39

Papillary

Front 40

The region within the thoracic cavity where the heart is located is the __________________.

Back 40

mediastinum

Front 41

A ______ is a junction between adjacent cardiac myocytes.

Back 41

gap

Front 42

The other name for the visceral pericardium is the

Back 42

epicardium

Hint 42

outer most heart wall layer

Front 43

A _______________ is the pathological increase in fluid volume in the pericardial cavity

Back 43

tamponade

Hint 43

compresses the heart and decreases blood pressure

Front 44

Regulates the movement of blood from the ventricles into the great vessels

Back 44

semilunar

Front 45

What are the functional differences between skeletal and cardiac muscle?

Back 45

▪increased time of contraction in cardiac muscle due to slow calcium entry during the plateau phase

▪cardiac muscle cannot be summed like skeletal muscle which prevents tetanic contraction of cardiac muscle

Front 46

Define Stroke Volume (SV)

Back 46

The the volume of blood ejected by the heart per beat

Front 47

What is End Diastolic Volume (EDV) ?

Back 47

The maximum amount of blood left in the ventricle at the end of atrial systole

Front 48

In what order does the cardiac cycle occur?

Back 48

▪Isovolumic relaxation

▪Passive filling

▪Active filling

▪Isovolumic contraction

▪Ejection

Front 49

What is the cardiac cycle?

Back 49

The period of time between the start of one heartbeat and the next, where chambers relax and prepare for the next heartbeat

Front 50

The cardiac is divided into how manny phases? Name and explain the function in each.

Back 50

It is divided into 2 phases, the systole and diastole. In systole (contraction) the chamber contracts and pushes blood into an adjacent chamber or into an arterial trunk. In diastole (relaxation) the chamber fills with blood and waits for the next cardiac cycle.