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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Described as a cone shaped muscle |
Heart |
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_________ (posterior surface) leans toward rightshoulder |
Base |
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________ points toward left hip |
Apex |
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The heart is located where? How much does it weigh? |
In mediastinum between second rib and fifth intercostal space, behind sternum and pointing left, lyingon the diaphragm Weighs 250-350 gm (1 lb) |
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Name the 3 Pericardium Layers covering the heart |
1. Fibrous pericardium (superficial) 2. Parietal layer of serous pericardium 3. Visceral layer of serous pericardium (epicardium) |
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What is the Visceral layer of serous pericardium called? |
epicardium |
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Three layers of heart wall: |
–Epicardium –Myocardium –Endocardium |
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Properties of Cardiac Muscle |
- Striated, short, branched, fat, interconnected, 1 (or 2) central nuclei - Connective tissue matrix (endomysium) - Numerous large mitochondria |
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Defined as junctions between cells (anchor cardiac cells) |
intercalated discs |
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____________ prevent cells from separating during contraction |
Desmosomes |
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__________ allow ions to pass from cell to cell; electrically couple adjacent cells |
Gap junctions |
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What is defined as the inherent rhythmicityof the muscle itself? |
Automaticity |
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What are the chambers of the heart and what are they divided by? |
Two atria - (right and left atrium) -- divided by interatrial septum Two ventricles - (right and left ventricle) -- divided by interventrical septum |
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•Ensures unidirectional blood flow through heart •Open and close in response to pressure changes |
Heart Valves |
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What do the two atrioventricular valves do? |
–Prevent backflow into atria when ventricles contract |
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Name the two types of valves and their location |
Tricuspid valve (right AV valve) Mitral valve (left AV valve, aka bicuspid valve) |
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_______________ anchors cusps to ________ muscles and holds valve flaps in closed position |
Chordae tendineae; papillary |
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# tricuspid; # bicuspid |
3 tricuspid; 1 bicuspid |
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Tricuspid valve travels where? |
Right Atrium to Right Ventricle
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Pulmonary or pulmonic valve travels where? |
Right valve to pulmonary trunk (branches right and left) |
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Mitral valve aka bicuspid valve travels where? |
Left Atrium to Left Ventricle |
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Aortic valvetravels where? |
Left Ventricle to Aorta |
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–Prevent backflow into ventricles when ventricles relax –Open and close in response to pressure changes |
Semilunar (SL) valves |
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Name the two semilunar valves |
aortic semilunar valve and pulmonary semilunar valve |
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______ side receives oxygen-poor blood from tissues Pumps to lungs to get rid of CO2,pick up O2,via ___________ |
Right; pulmonary circuit |
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_____ side receives oxygenated blood from lungs Pumpsto body tissues via _________________ |
left; systemic circuit |
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What are the receiving chambers of the heart? |
Right and left atrium |
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________ receives blood returning from systemic circuit |
right atrium |
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_______ receives blood returning from pulmonary circuit |
left atrium |
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_____ thicker than____ because it forces blood out against more resistance; the systemic circulation is much _____ than the pulmonary circulation |
Left ventricle; right ventricle; much longer |
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__________ because ventricular filling is done by gravity, requiring little atrial effort |
Atria are thin |
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What are the pumping chambers of the heart? |
Right and Left Ventricle |
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______ pumps blood through pulmonary circuit |
Right Ventricle |
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_______ pumps blood through systemic circuit |
Left Ventricle |
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Pulmonary Circuit: Pathway of Blood Through the Heart |
–Rightatrium -> tricuspid valve -> right ventricle –Rightventricle -> pulmonary semilunarvalve -> pulmonary trunk -> pulmonary arteries -> lungs –Lungs->pulmonary veins-> left atrium |
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Systemic Circuit: Pathway of Blood Through the Heart |
– Leftatrium ->mitral valve -> left ventricle – Leftventricle -> aortic semilunar valve ->aorta – Aorta->systemic circulation |
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What is the only vein that carries oxygenated blood? |
Pulmonary veins |
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________ volumes of blood pumped to pulmonary and systemic circuits |
Equal |
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Pulmonary circuit ______________ circulation |
short, low-pressure |
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Systemic circuit ______ circulation |
long, high-friction |
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Left ventricle walls ___ thicker than right and pumps with greater pressure |
3x |
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Functional blood supply to heart muscle itself; delivered when heart is relaxed |
Coronary Circulation |
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Arteries arise from _________ |
base of aorta |
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________ collect blood from capillary beds |
Cardiac veins |
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__________ empties into right atrium; formed by mergingcardiac veins |
Coronary sinus |
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Several ____________ empty directly into right atrium anteriorly |
anterior cardiac veins |
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Defined by a single sequence of atrial contraction followed by ventricular contraction |
Heartbeat |
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Fill in the blank: Systole: __________ Diastole: _________ Normal rate: _____ Slow: ____________ Fast: ____________ |
Systole: contraction Diastole: filling Normal rate: 60-100 Slow: bradycardia Fast: tachycardia |
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What is “lub”? |
= closing of AV valves •During ventricular systole |
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What is “dup”? |
=closing of semilunar valves •During early diastole |
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Defined as amount of blood pumped out by each ventricle/minute |
Cardiac Output |
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Cardiac Output = |
Heart Rate x Stroke Volume CO = (HR)(SV) |
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Defined as volume of blood pumped out by ventricle measured be ml/beat |
Stroke volume |
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Increase of Stroke Volume = |
Increase of ventricular force + contraction |
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AverageStroke Volume = _____ AverageCardiac Output = _____ |
0.2L 5L/min |
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- Electrical depolarization is recorded on the body surface by up to 12 leads - pattern is analyzed in each lead |
EKG (Electrocardiogram) |
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Pwave = ________ QRS = ___________ T wave = _________ |
P wave = atrial depolarization QRS = ventricular depolarization T wave=ventricular repolarization |
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specialized cardiac muscle cells that carry impulses throughout the heart musculature, signaling the chambers to contract in the proper sequence |
Electrical conduction system |
