Ap European History Chapter 14 Vocabulary

Front 1

Marco Polo

Back 1

Early Venetian travelers to China who recorded his observations in his book the Travels

Front 2

Missionaries

Back 2

People who travel to new areas to convert others to their religion

Front 3

God, Glory and Gold

Back 3

Phrase that summed up many peoples motives for exploring

Front 4

Centralized Monarchies

Back 4

Term for New Monarchies with powerful monarchs

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Portolani

Back 5

Charts made by medieval navigators or mathematicians

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Ptolemy

Back 6

Astronomer from the second century AD whose book Geography greatly underestimated the circumference of the earth

Front 7

Azores

Back 7

Islands far off the coast of Africa that Europeans were sailing to by the fifteenth century

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Prince Henry the Navigator

Back 8

Portuguese leader who founded navigation school in 1419 and helped Portugal sail around Africa

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Dias

Back 9

Portuguese explorer who first rounded the Cape of Good Hope in 1488

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de Gamas

Back 10

Portuguese explorer who first reached India in 1498

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Alburquerque

Back 11

Portuguese explorer who took malacca from Arab traders so Portugal controlled spice trade

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Columbus

Back 12

Italian explorer sailing for Spain's Ferdinand and Isabella whose three ship expedition (Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria) landed in the Americas in 1492

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Cabot

Back 13

italian explorer sailing for England's Henry VII who explored the New England coastline

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Cabral

Back 14

Portuguese explorer who "discovered" South America in 1500

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Amerigo Vespucci

Back 15

Italian explorer and writer whose letters about the new world led to it being named America after him.

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Balboa

Back 16

Spanish explorer who first reached the pacific ocean in 1513

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Magellan

Back 17

Spanish explorer killed in Philippines whose expedition was the first to circumnavigate the globe in 1419

Front 18

Treaty of Tordesillas

Back 18

1494 treaty that divided up the new world into Spanish and Portuguese spheres of influence

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Conquistadors

Back 19

Spanish explorers in New World motivated by glory, greed and religion

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Aztec

Back 20

Msoamerican empire conuered by Cortes of Spain in 1519

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Moctezuma

Back 21

Aztec leader conquered then killed by spanish under Cortez

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Inca

Back 22

South American empire conquered by Pizarro of Spain in 1530s

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Encomienda

Back 23

Spanish system of administering new world by putting conquistadors in charge. Very brutal to natives

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Small Pox

Back 24

disease principally responsible for devastating Native American populations

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de las casas

Back 25

Spanish Dominican friar who spoke out against the harsh treatment of Native Americans and got the Spanish government to replace the encomienda system

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Viceroys

Back 26

Spanish administrators (i.e. governors) in New world after encomienda system abolished

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Sugar

Back 27

Major New World crop of the Caribbean and Brazil which fueled the slave trade

Front 28

Boers

Back 28

Dutch farmers who settled in southern aftrica (Cape Town)

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Triangular Trade

Back 29

Connecting Europe, Africa, and the Americas manufactured goods from Europe traded for African Slaves who were traded in America for sugar, rum coffee and cotton which was te=hen sold in Europe

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Middle Passage

Back 30

The journey of africans to the americas within the trianbular trade. Very brutal

Front 31

The Dutch

Back 31

Europeans who took the Spice Islands from the Portuguese

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Mughal Empire-

Back 32

Indian Empire conquered by the British in 1600- 1700s

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Sir Robert Clive

Back 33

British empire-builder in India

Front 34

"Black Hole of Calcutta"-

Back 34

Underground British prison in India

Front 35

Battle of Plassey-

Back 35

1757 British victory over the Mughal Empire which put Britain in charge of India

Front 36

British East India Company-

Back 36

Company given authority to administer India (i.e. govern it), run for a time by Sir Robert Clive

Front 37

Qing Dynasty-

Back 37

Chinese rulers who were bullied by British for trade concessions in 1700s

Front 38

Nagasaki

Back 38

Only Japanese city open to European (Dutch) traders from 1600s ti1 1800s

Front 39

West Indies-

Back 39

New World islands colonized by British (Jamaica , Barbados) and French (Guadeloupe) primarily for sugar

Front 40

Hudson

Back 40

English explorer hired by Dutch to explore North America in 1609

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New Netherlands-

Back 41

Dutch N American empire in present-day New York (initially New Amsterdam) seized by British in 1644

Front 42

Jamestown

Back 42

First permanent British colony in N America, established in 1607 for profit

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Massachusetts Bay-

Back 43

Second permanent British colony in N America, established for Puritan religious freedom

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Cartier

Back 44

French explorer who claimed Canada for France

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Champlain

Back 45

French explorer who established French colony Quebec in Canada

Front 46

Treaty of Utrecht-

Back 46

1713 treaty ending War for Spanish Succession that required France to cede much of Canada to Britain

Front 47

Seven Years War-

Back 47

1756-1 763 war that forced France to cede the last of its empire in Canada to Britain

Front 48

Asiento

Back 48

Spain's permission to other countries to trade with Spanish colonies

Front 49

Price Revolution-

Back 49

Time of great inflation in Europe in 1500s brought about by the importation of much New World silver and an increase in European population

Front 50

The Low Countries-

Back 50

Term for modem nations of Netherlands, Belgium , and Luxemburg

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Joint-stock Companies-

Back 51

Companies that sold shares of itself (stock) to investors who would then share in the profit or loss

Front 52

Fuggers

Back 52

Rich banking and mining family in central Europe that leant Habsburg Charles V lots of money

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Mercantilism

Back 53

Economic system employed by many European nations in the 1600 and 1700s which promoted the accumulation of gold and silver (bullion) in a nation's treasury by exporting much and importing little. Colonies were frequently used to provide markets and resources to mercantilist nations.

Front 54

Missionaries

Back 54

Representatives of particular religions who travel to areas around the globe in order,to convert people to their religion. Catholic missionaries known as Jesuits were especially effective in New Spain

Front 55

Columbian Exchange-

Back 55

The exchange of plants and animals between the Old World (Europe & Africa) and the New World (the Americas )