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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
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Author:
Petrarch |
Written Work: N/A
Years Lived: 1304-1374 The Main Idea: Revived interest in the classics, mirrored the ideas of Cicero, try to live a virtuous life |
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Author:
Lorenzo Valla |
Written Work: The Elegances of the Latin Language
Years Lived: 1447-1455 The Main Idea: Advocate the use of Latin as the common language...Most well known for using textual criticism to prove that the Donation of Constantine was a forgery |
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Author:
Pico della Mirandola |
Written Work: Oration of the Dignity of Man
Years Lived: 1463-1494 The Main Idea:Man's place in the universe lies somewhere between beasts and angels, but man's potential is unlimited |
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Author:
Desiderus Erasmus |
Written Work: The Praise of Folly
Years: 1509 The Main Idea: Satirical critique of the renaissance church, hinted at the need for reform |
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Author:
Niccolo Machiavelli |
Written Work: The Prince
Years: 1513 The Main Idea: A ruler must rule by principles of realism- do what is best, even if it is not ethnically right. Tried to inspire an Italian ruler to lead all of Italy |
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Author:
Thomas More |
Written Work: Utopia
Years: 1516 The Main Idea: Basic Problems in society were caused by greed. Proposed a society of fantasy where cooperation and morality conduct society |
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Author:
Martin Luther |
Written Work: 95 Theses
Years: 1517 The Main Idea: Criticized the church's policy on indulgences and other clerical abuse |
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Author:
John Calivin |
Written Work: Institutes of the Christian Religion
Years: 1536 The Main Idea: Suggested God reserved salvation for a few "predestined" souls |
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Author:
Ignatius of Loyola |
Written Work: Spiritual Exercises
Years: 1491-1556 The Main Idea: Training manual for the soul-concentrated on the submission of the will to God's power |
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Author:
Nicolas Copernicus |
Written Work: On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres
Years: 1543 The Main Idea: Turned 1500 years of thinking on its head when he proposed a sun centered (heliocentric) universe |
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Author:
Andreas Vesalius |
Written Work: On the Fabric of the Human Body
Years: 1543 The Main Idea: Overturned previous mistakes. Asserted that blood flowed from heart |
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Author:
Michel de Montaigne |
Written Work: Essay pm Experience
Years: 1580 The Main Idea: Expressed his belief in skepticism and toleration in all matters-motivated by a world gone made with religious zeal |
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Author:
William Shakespeare |
Written Work: Comedies, Tragedies, and dramas
Years: 1564-1616 The Main Idea: Recognized as the English language's most gifted craftsman |
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Author:
Miguel Cervantes |
Written Work: Don Quixote
Years: 1547-1616 The Main Idea: Framed his critique of Spanish society in a chivalric novel |
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Author:
Galileo |
Written Work: The Starry Messenger, Two Chief World Systems
Years: 1610-1632 The Main Idea: Agreed with Copernicus' heliocentric world |
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Author:
William Harvey |
Written Work: On the Motion of the heart and blood
Years: 1628 The Main Idea: Laid out the full working of the body's blood flow |
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Author:
Rene Descartes |
Written Work: Discourse on Method
Years: 1637 The Main Idea: Descartes constructed his theory of reality by beginning with his bedrock statement. I think therefore I am. |
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Author:
Thomas Hobbes |
Written Work: Leviathan
Years: 1651 The Main Idea: Proposed that people must be ruled by an absolutist or risk living in a state of anarchy |
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Author:
Isaac Newton |
Written Work: Principia
Years: 1686 The Main Idea: Universal law of gravitation and three laws of motion |
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Author:
John Locke |
Written Work: Two Treatises on civil Government
Years: 1691 The Main Idea: Government gains its right to govern from the people. Without their support it ceases to exit. Don't like the government...get rid of it |
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Author:
Baron de Montesquie |
Written Work: The Spirit of the Laws
Years: 1748 The Main Idea: Government works best when it distributes or shares power (branches) |
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Author:
Jean Jasques Rousseau |
Written Work: Social Contract
Years: 1762 The Main Idea: An Agreement between all people in the society to be governed by the "general will" of the people |
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Author:
Voltaire |
Written Work: Treatise on Toleration
Years: 1763 The Main Idea: Argued that religious toleration in England and Holland had produced material wealth and social stability... why didn't everyone do it? |
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Author:
Cesare Beccaria |
Written Work: On Crime and Punishments
Years: 1764 The Main Idea: Punishment should be a deterrent, not a chance for torture. Anti-capital punishment. Favored jail time instead |
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Author:
Adam Smith |
Written Work: The Wealth of Nations
Years: 1776 The Main Idea: Proposed that economic ideas were part of people's natural thoughts. We make economic decisions without need of instruction, so the gov't should leave us alone to do it. Laissez-faire |
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Author:
Edward Gibbon |
Written Work: Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
Years: 1776 The Main Idea: Among the reasons for Rome's fall, Gibbon focuses on the rise of Christianity as the most vital (supports the Enlightenment's anti-religion feel_ |
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Author:
Denis Diderot |
Written Work: Encyclopedia
Years: 1784 The Main Idea: Amassed a collection of scientific and enlightenment thought...must read for the educated |
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Author:
French national Assembly |
Written Work: Declaration of the Rights of Man
Years: 1789 The Main Idea: Claimed all people were born equal and entitled to seek liberty, equality, and fraternity as they wished |
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Author:
Edmund Burke |
Written Work: Reflections on the Revolution in France
Years: 1789 The Main Idea: Classic conservative response to the liberalism of the revolution. Burke believed that France was changing too much, too fast. |
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Author:
Mary Wollstonecraft |
Written Work: In Vindication of the Rights of Women
Years: 1792 The Main Idea: Argued for equal rights for women- the founder of European feminism? |
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Author:
Mary Shelley, Goethe, Percy Shelley, Tennyson, Wordsworth |
Written Work: Various poems and books
Years: 1800-1860 The Main Idea: Romantic authors believed in the power of the individual and the spirit. De-emphasized classical reason. |
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Author:
Thomas Malthus |
Written Work: Essay on the Principles of Population
Years: 1808 The Main Idea:Society would never get better- population would always outpace food production=poverty was inevitable |
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Author:
David Ricardo |
Written Work: Principles of Political Economy
Years: 1817 The Main Idea: The iron Law of Wages= the size of the population guaranteed a large labor pool therefore low wages. |
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Author:
Edwin Chadwick |
Written Work: Condition of the Labouring poor of Great Britain
Years: 1842 The Main Idea: Blamed the problems and diseases of the working classes on poor living and working conditions-called on government to make changes |
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Author:
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels |
Written Work: The Communist Manifestor
Years: 1848 The Main Idea: Proposed the inevitable violent overthrow of the bourgeios capitalist systems by the working class...ends with "Workers of the world unite...you have nothing to lose but your chains." |
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Author:
Charles Darwin |
Written Work: On the Origin of Species
Years: 1859 The Main Idea: Challenged traditional theories as to how human beings evolved and proposed the theory of natural selection |
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Author:
GustaveFlaurbert, William Thackeray, and Charles Dickens |
Written Work: Various titles
Years: 1850-1900 The Main Idea: Realist literature abhorred the romantic smudges of the previous age and instead presented a detailed, and often dim, depiction of human life. |
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Author:
Otto von Bismarck |
Written Work: Treaties and Allicances
Years: 1873-1892 The Main Idea: During his reign as Germany's Iron Chancellor Bismarck laid out a system of alliances that protected Germany from two front attack and held an unstable Europe in stalemate |
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Author:
Friedrich Nietzsche |
Written Work: Various topics
Years: 1844-1900 The Main Idea: Vowed that "God is dead." This allowed for the cultivation of superior people (supermen) who shunned the masses |
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Author:
Herbert Spencer |
Written Work: Social Statics
Years: 1896 The Main Idea: Took Darwin's theories on natural selection and imposed them on races of humans... created social Darwinism |
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Author:
Theodor Herzl |
Written Work: The Jewish State
Years: 1896 The Main Idea: Argued the Zionist cause for the creation of a Jewish homeland |
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Author:
Sigmund Freud |
Written Work: The Interpretation of Dreams
Years: 1900 The Main Idea: Human behavior was not wholly rational-as previously believed. It was influenced by the unconscious and powerful forces of the id, ego, superego |
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Author:
Italy, France, and England |
Written Work: The Treaty of Versailles
Years: 1919 The Main Idea: The Treaty that ended Germany's part of the war by saddling them with blame. |
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Author:
James Joyce, Virginia Woolf, Hermann hesse |
Written Work: Stream of consciousness authors
Years: 1920-1940 The Main Idea: Books...rivers...Martians...Big Mac...go Packers...van Morrison is fun... will this list never end |
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Author:
Adolf Hitler |
Written Work: Mein Kampf
Years: 1926 The Main Idea: Written during his brief prison stay, Hitler's treatise of National Socialism outlines his beliefs on Jews, the evil of Versailles and his future plans for lebensraum (Neville Chamberlain was sick the day they taught it at school). |
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Author:
John Maynard Keynes |
Written Work: General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money
Years: 1936 The Main Idea: Suggested that the best way out of a depression was not to limit spending but to begin massive public works campaigns. |
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Author:
Simone de beauvoir |
Written Work: The Second Sex
Years: 1949 The Main Idea: Women were frequently defined by their differences from men and therefore considered to be inferior. |
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Author:
Alexander Solzhenitsyn |
Written Work: A Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich
Years: 1962 The Main Idea: Published during Khrushchev's reign in the USSR, the book detailed the horrors of life under Uncle Joe Stalin |
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Author:
Albert Camus and Jen Paul Sartre |
Written Work: Existentialist thought
Years: Mid 20th Century The Main Idea: People are the real benchmarks of their existence- they must be responsible to themselves and no one else |
