Ap European History

Front 1

"Peace, Bread, and Land"




WW I

Back 1

Lenin’s slogan in the Revolution. Peace from the war; Land for the peasants; Food for all.

Front 2

Alexander Kerensky




WW I

Back 2

Headed the Provisional Government in 1917. Refused to redistribute confiscated landholdings to the peasants. Thought fighting the war was a national duty.

Front 3

Archduke Franz Ferdinand




WW I

Back 3

Heir to the Austria-Hungarian throne; was assassinated in Sarajevo; started World War I.

Front 4

Army Order #1




WW I

Back 4

Issued by the Petrograd Soviet shipped offices of their authority and placed the power in the hands of elected committees of common soldiers.

Front 5

Balkan Wars




WW I

Back 5

Serbia, Greece, Bulgaria took Macedonia from the Ottomans in 1912. Serbia then fought Bulgaria in the second Balkan War in 1913 Austria intervened to stop the war.

Front 6

Battle of the Marne




WW I

Back 6

A major French victory against the invading German army at the start of WWI. In reality lost Germany the war.

Front 7

Battle of Verdun




WW I

Back 7

1916 German assault on the French fortress - turned into a battle of attrition that France won.

Front 8

Berlin Conference




WW I

Back 8

1885, Laid down the rules for the conquest of Africa: 1) European countries holding a coast inland. 2) Occupation must be with real troops 3) Must give notice of which countries were occupied. 4) Started the scramble for Africa.

Front 9

Black Hand




WW I

Back 9

Ultra Nationalist, Serbian Society. Secretly supported by members of the Serbian government.

Front 10

Bloody Sunday




WW I

Back 10

In Russia 1905 Russian soldiers inadvertently opened fire on demonstrators, turning them against the tsar. Possibly the start of the Revolution.

Front 11

Bolsheviks




WW I

Back 11

"Majority group" - Communist - Came to power during October revolution

Front 12

Charles I




WW I

Back 12

(1887-1922) - Last Austrian emperor - abdicated Nov. 1918. The next day Austria was declared a Republic as was Hungary

Front 13

Cheka




WW I

Back 13

Secret police set up by Lenin-arrested "enemies of the revolution".

Front 14

Conscription




WW I

Back 14

Forced recruitment into the army to meet the needs of war.

Front 15

David Lloyd George




WW I

Back 15

British PM, during the war years - Middle Ground negotiator for Versailles Treaty

Front 16

Decembrist Revolt




WW I

Back 16

Uprising in Russia - mainly soldiers - soon suppressed-first manifestation of the modern revolutionary movement inspired by ideology.

Front 17

Duma




WW I

Back 17

Popular parliament.

Front 18

Entente Cordial




WW I

Back 18

Britain gained control of Egypt. France gained control of Morocco. But not a written alliance - only an agreement. Basically against Germany.

Front 19

Fundamental Laws




WW I

Back 19

Issued by the Russian Government in 1906. The tsar retained great power. The Duma was elected by universal male suffrage. The Upper House could pass laws but the Tsar had veto power.

Front 20

Fyodor Dostoevsky




WW I

Back 20

Russian novelist.

Front 21

Gavrilo Princip




WW I

Back 21

The assassin of Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria, a member of the Black Hand

Front 22

General Kornilov




WW I

Back 22

Wanted to be the savior of Russia. Tried to stage a coup -demanded the resignation of all ministers - Kerensky ordered him to turn over command. But soldiers refused to follow him.

Front 23

Isolationism




WW I

Back 23

Not becoming involved in global or regional events.

Front 24

Joseph Joffre




WW I

Back 24

French general led the French at the Battle of the Marne.

Front 25

Kaiser Wilhelm II




WW I

Back 25

Germany. Dismissed Bismarck in 1890. Did not renew Bismarck’s treaty with Russia and "Forced" Russia to look for another ally = France.

Front 26

Kronstadt Revolt




WW I

Back 26

Rebellion of previously loyal sailors at the naval base. Suppressed by the military. After the revolt Lenin introduced the N.E.P.

Front 27

Kruger Telegram




WW I

Back 27

William II sent Kruger of the Transvaal a congratulatory telegram upon hearing of the failure of the Jamison Raid. Alerted Britain of the dangers from Germany.

Front 28

League of Nations




WW I

Back 28

Allies worked out terms for peace with Germany, 1919 - precursor to the United Nations.

Front 29

Lusitania




WW I

Back 29

Sunk in 1915 by a German submarine. 139 American killed. Forced Germany to stop submarine warfare.

Front 30

March Revolution




WW I

Back 30

Bolsheviks become the leaders of Russia.

Front 31

Mensheviks




WW I

Back 31

'Minority group'.

Front 32

Mir




WW I

Back 32

Peasant village assembly responsible to the government.

Front 33

Morocco Crisis




WW I

Back 33

1911 - After the French received Morocco, Germany demanded an international conference- German's bullying forced England and France closer. Germany gained nothing.

Front 34

Nicholas II




WW I

Back 34

The last tsar. Wanted supreme rule of army and government. Led the armies to defeat. Forced to abdicate in 1917 by the Duma.

Front 35

October Manifesto




WW I

Back 35

Issued in Russia because of fear of a general strike. Granted full civil rights and a popular parliament - Duma.

Front 36

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk




WW I

Back 36

Treaty between Bolsheviks and Germans to get Russia out of the war. 1) Russia lost 1/3 of her population. 2) height of German success in WWI. Signed by Lenin.

Front 37

Treaty of Versailles




WW I

Back 37

Negotiated by the Big Three - Germany was stripped of colonies, Alsace and Loraine, which were given back to France. Poland was reconstituted as a state. Polish corridor would split Prussia from Germany. The Saar region would be French for 15 years. Heavy repercussions (not specified until later.)

Front 38

Triple Entente




WW I

Back 38

1914, Great Britain, France, and Russia.

Front 39

V. I. Lenin




WW I

Back 39

Believed in Marxist Socialism: 1) Believed capitalism must be destroyed. 2) A social revolution was possible in backward Russia. 3) The need for highly trained workers partly controlled by revolutionaries like himself.

Front 40

Wilson’s 14 Points




WW I

Back 40

President Wilson’s Peace proposal in 1918 stressed national self-determination and the rights of the small countries. Freedom of the seas and free trade. Clemenceau said, "God only had ten."

Front 41

Woodrow Wilson




WW I

Back 41

U.S. President, who led USA into WWI. He proposed the 14 points. He attended the peace conference at Versailles.

Front 42

Zimmerman Telegram




WW I

Back 42

German Arthur Zimmerman sent a telegram to the German minister in Mexico City telling him to promise the Mexican President German help if Mexico went to war with the U.S. - the telegram was intercepted and decoded by the British, shocked the American public.