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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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miasmatic theory
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the belief that people contracted diseases through breathing in bad odors of decay and excrement
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comtes positvism
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same as experimental method but in relation to sociology and laws of human relations
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Edwin Chadwick
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one of the commisioners charged with the administration of relief to paupers after poor laws. idea of sanitation and hs report became the first public health law
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Louis Pasteur
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french chemist who began studying fermentation and found that it depended on the growth of living organisms and their activity could be decreased by pasteurization
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Robert Koch
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german country doctor developed pure cultures of harmful bacteria and described their life cycles, these helped to identify causes of diseases
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Jean Baptiste-Lamarck
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asserted all forms of life had arisen through a long process of continued adjustment to the environment flawed because what parents develope about themselves cant be passed on
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Charles Darwin
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Sigmund Freud
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Gustave Flaubert
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Charles Darwin
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most influential 18th century evolutionary thinker chance determines which of species survive natural selection variations that are .....useful...are..
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Sigmund Freud
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Viennese founder of psychoanalysis analysis of family dynamics began treating mentally ill most influential idea was oedipal tension lots of analysis of sexual. emotional and defense mechanisms
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Gustave Flaubert
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artist realist unparalled in depth and accuracy of psychological insight
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Emile Zola
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........in literature defended his first novel that was criticized for pornography and moral corruption but he claimed to be simply objective
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Auguste Comte
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french philosopher disciple of utopian socialist saint simon postulated that all intellectual activity progresses through predictable stages positivist method of sociology
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Joseph Lister
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english surgeon who grasped the connection between aerial bacteria and wound infection he reasoned that chemical disinfectant would help antiseptics principle
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Baron Haussman
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alsatian who napoleon the II placedin charge of inproving Paris ...........who was capable of bulldozing opposition widened streetsI
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Gustav Drosz
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Saw that love within marriage was the key to human happiness urged women to follow there hearts to the reign of men????
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New imperialism
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Characterized by frantic rush to put down roots and gain lands and as many people as possible it had huge consequences new tensions and wars , war rumors aimed primarily at Asia and Africa
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traditionalist response to imperialism
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upset because imperialsim ruined traditional ruling classes religion and education system and way of life non-westerns experienced identity crisis because of the power and arrogance of intruders
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modernist response to imperialism
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the believed that the gains of machinery and new technology was good for countries
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social darwinism
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another major cause of imperialism took Darwin's concept of "survival of the fittest" and used in a racist manner in stating one group was stronger than another and therefore people should .....
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racism
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one of the major causes of imperialism the belief that one race of group of people is superior to another many whites believed that they were superior to africans so they tried to assimilation?
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white man's burden
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idealogy that imperialism was not used to ???? other countries but to assist the colonies in becoming industrial and modern and making them more like the whites b/c they believed whites were the better and more strong race
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Qing Dynasty
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two hundred year old chinese dynasty that was on the verge of falling in 1860 revolution and chaos ruled the country but comeback of tradition lasted 30 years
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suez canal
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safeguarding this canal played a huge role in british imperialism in Egypt and british control in Egypt led to a bloody conflict in Sudan
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Omdurman
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battle between british and Muslim forces in the Sudan where the muslims charged with bows and arrows and were shot down immediately by Britians much stronger machinery
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British Opium Trade
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Qing decided that this had to end because it was ruining the people and stripping the empire of its (Silver)???? which was going to British merchants to pay for the opium
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Muhammad Ali
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governor of Egypt built up a strong ?????????powerful army along english...
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Leopold II
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energetic and strong willed monarch played a major role in the complex euro seizure of Africa focused on Central Africa and formed a financial syndicate under personal control his actions alarmed France Gold Rush Mentality
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Matthew Perry
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commodore in the Us who went to Tokyo after several failed attempts to establish commercial relations he demanded diplomatic recognition and Japan reluctantly signed a treaty that opened two ports
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Boers
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also know as Afikaaners the descendents of the (Dutch?) in he cape colony fought many times with the British for land and political independence
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John Hobson
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forceful critic of imperialism radical English economist who ??? (imperialism) which influenced ????thought rush of imperialism was because of ????imperialism which influenced ??? and others thought rush of imperialism was was because of ??????????????????????????????????????
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Japanese opening of Korea in 1876
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they imperialistically opened Korea with gunboat diplomacy which decisively defeated china in a war over korea ????????? taiwan
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Berlin Conference of 1884 - 1885
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lay down basic rules of imperialist competition in sub-saharan africa between Fance and Germany established that Euro claims in Africa had to rest on effective occupation coincides with Germany's sudden emergence as a power
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Fashoda crisis of 1898
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British armies found the village occupied by a small French force was continued imperial competition between them and serious diplomatic crisis resulted France eventually backed down and withdrew its forces
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Great trek of the Boers
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when britian took over Cape Town in South Africa and the Boers moved to the ????? of Africa and fought the Xhosa and Zulu people for land
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Sino-Japanese War
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this and its harsh treaty revealed china's helplessness when faced w agression rush of foreign concessions and protectorates????
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Congress od Berlin 1878
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peacemaking efforts of Bismarck infuriated Russian Nationalists and led Bismarck to make a defensive alliance with Austrian against russia???
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Schlieffen Plan
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plan of Germans to attack France by going through nuetral Belgium this would help them avoid a two front war with fance and Russia but this brought Britian into the war and was Germany's mistake
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"total war"
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all money and efforts goes to fighting the war and winning and that is the main focus WWI and WWII were total wars
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totalitarianism
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when a ruler has complete and total control over every part of the government and life and runs his country
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western front
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the Germans were fighting a two front war for some time and the western front was where they were fighting France and Britian it was alltrenches on the Western Front and a Stalemate
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Bolsheviks
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russian political party of marxian socialism split into two groups one the ????? and the other the Bolsheviks Lenin led them developed this party to be tough, disciplined and revolutionary seized power with Leon Trotsky
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war reparations
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prices that Germany and other losing countries had to pay to help the winning countries make up for the ??? lost during the war Very high for Germany because of inflation
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First Balkan war 1912
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Serbia, Greece and Bulgaria joined together to attack the Ottoman Empire Nationalism finally destroyed the Ottoman Empire
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Lawrence of Arabia
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British Colonel who helped lead the Arab revolt he was successful at inciting them to revolt against their turkish rulers he was originally British
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Algerciras Conference of 1906
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Germant was wanting to ?? the Anglo-French entente and requested a conconference over the issue of Morocco they threatened war this one pushed Britian and France closer and Germany left empty-handed
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Anglo-French entente of 1904
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When Britian was trying to make allies they agreed to recognize France's plan for control in Morocco and France recognized British rule in Egypt this settled outstanding colonial disputes
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Third Balkan War
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When Serbia did not fully respond to ultimatum they mobilized and declared war beginning the so-called third Balkan war which is truly just the first world war
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Lusitania
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Germany's unrestricted submarine warfare resulted in them sinking this passenger ship off the coast of Ireland it killed American passengers and was one of the causes of the US entering the war
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Admiral Tirpitz
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German leader of nationalists who led in Germany's decision to add a large and expensive fleet of battleships which added to heightened tensions
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(German) Auxiliary Service Law of 1916
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part of the efforts for total war in Germany all males between 17 and 60 were required to work only at jobs deemed critical to the war effort
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Davis Lloyd George
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thought that the build up of a large naval fleet was a detestable military challenge which forced countries to spend the people's money in places it shouldn't be spent
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Rasputin
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began his career in a sect known for its unorthodox practices he became a friend of the Russian royal family and began to help them with there hemophiliac child he was (weird)?? and led to the fall of the empire
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Georges Clemenceau
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effective wartime leader in France he established a virtual dictatorship eliminated strikers and jailed journalists a nd politicians who wanted a compromised peace with Germany helpful because civilians were tired and felt defeated
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Duma
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took the lead in war efforts organizing comittees to coordinate efforts improved military situation although there weere still many failures
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Tsar Nicholas II
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when he was sworn in he vowed peace if enemies stood on Russian soil he had to go back on this vow pull Russia out of WWI when revolts rose in Russia
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Petrograd Soviet
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Modeled after revolutionary Soviet of 1905 huge mass meeting they watered down the provisional government and made their own radical orders which further weakened the provisional government
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Leon Trotsky
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Lenin's supporter, revolutionary speaker executed Bolshevik seizure of power he was determined and a fantastic leader and appealed to tired workers and the government was in anarchy
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Petrograd Bread riots (1917)
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after Rasputin died the bread shortages became much worse and people began rioting and it spread to factories and the Tsar ordered troops from the front to put down revolts
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Alexander Kerensky
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reorganization of government included him he became prime minister in July he was a patriot and a modern socialist continuation of war was very important to him
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Vladimir Lenin
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most radical and talented of Soviet Socialist leaders he led the Bolshevik party and viewed the war vs imperialistic rivalries he wanted to sieze power for the soviets but failed and had to go into hiding
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Army Order 1
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most famous of the Petrograd Soviets radical orders stripped officers of their authority and placed power in the hands of elected committees of common soldiers led to collapse of army discipline
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constituent assembly
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bolsheviks freely elected assembly that was to draw up a constitution but the free elections were a setback as hey did not win after one day of meeting it was disbanded and a one party gov't formed???
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white opposition
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groups that were opposed to the Bolsheviks in Moscow led by officers of the old army in Southern Russia they were united by their hatred??? of "Red" bolsheviks
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Treaty of Brest Litovsk (1918)
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18 nations were competing by 1918
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