Ap Euro Unit 4

Front 1

Absolutism

Back 1

A form of government in which the monarch rules by "divine right." The monarch wields absolute power.

Front 2

Thomas Hobbes

Back 2

(1588-1679)

English philosopher. He argued for absolute monarchy and believed people needed a strong central power to succeed.

Front 3

Louis XIV

Back 3

(1638-1715)

King of France from 1643-1715. He created a centralized state, pacified the aristocracy, fought in three major wars, abolished the Edict of Nantes and persecuted the Huguenots, forcing them to move or convert. He was a warmonger and nearly destroyed the French economy.

Front 4

Fronde

Back 4

(1648-1653)

A series of civil wars in France during the Franco-Spanish War. King Louis XIV fought against and beat the princes, the nobility, the law courts, and the majority of the French people. This conflict began after the Peace of Westphalia. These wars created an absolute monarchy in France and strengthened royal authority.

Front 5

Mercantilism

Back 5

An economic system in which the government controls the economy to increase the power and wealth of the nation. It was employed in absolute monarchies.

Front 6

Jean-Baptiste Colbert

Back 6

(1619-1683)

French politician and Minister of Finances. He improved French manufacturing and brought the French economy back from near bankruptcy using mercantilism.

Front 7

Nobles of the Sword

Back 7

The oldest class of nobility in France who gained their status through military service. They were very influential during the French Revolution. Louis XIV attempted to keep them busy in Versailles.

Front 8

Nobles of the Robe

Back 8

French nobility who held judicial and administrative positions. Louis XIV created them to run the country and take power away from the Nobles of the Sword.

Front 9

Versailles

Back 9

The French center of society and culture under Louis XIV. The Court of Versailles was created by Louis XIV to control the nobility.

Front 10

Moliere

Back 10

(1622-1673)

A French playwright and actor who is considered to be one of the great comedic authors of the Western literature.

Front 11

Revocation of the Edict of Nantes

Back 11

(October 22, 1685)

An Edict issued by King Louis XIV. It ordered the destruction of the Huguenot churches and Protestant schools, leading the emigration of many Protestants out of France.

Front 12

Jansenism

Back 12

(1600s-1700s)

A Catholic theological movement in France. It emphasized the original sin, human depravity, the necessity of divine grace, and predestination.

Front 13

Holy Roman Emperor Leopold III

Back 13

King of Hungary & Bohemia, he fought the Spanish War of Succession.

Front 14

War of the Holy League

Back 14

(1683-1699)

A series of conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and the Holy League. The Ottoman Empire lost a large amount of land in Central Europe.

Front 15

Junker

Back 15

Prussian nobles who made an alliance with the ruler. They dominated the estates and commanded the peasants in the army. Taxes could not be levied by the estate.

Front 16

Great Elector Frederick William

Back 16

(1620-1688)

Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia. He promoted trade and gave Prussia a stronf position in the political order of north-central Europe.

Front 17

Ivan the Terrible

Back 17

(1530-1584)

First Czar of Russia. He treated those who opposed him with cruelty and turned Russia into a European power.

Front 18

Serfdom

Back 18

The system of agricultural labor popular in eastern Europe in which peasants had no rights or freedoms and were bound to the land.

Front 19

Peter the Great

Back 19

(1672-1725)

Tsar of Russia. He expanded Russia into a major European power and led a cultural revolution based on the Enlightenment.

Front 20

Table of Ranks

Back 20

Table of RanksPeter the Great instituted it to create opportunities for non-nobles to serve the state and join the nobility. There were 14 levels. Each official was required to begin at level one and work his way up. When a non-noble reached the eighth rank, he became a noble.

Front 21

St.Petersburg

Back 21

Metropolis peter the great created, capital of russian empire for more than 200 years; nobles paid for canals, parks etc while peasants worked on the city. the navy was held here, showed the westernization and modernization of russia during peter's rule and examplified his absolute power

Front 22

Balance of Power

Back 22

To prevent France from becoming Powerful: 1) The Low Countries of Holland and Belgium were combined to form a Dutch republic to be a check on French power in the north and west. 2) Prussia received separate territory along the Rhine River to be a check to French power in the East