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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Aristotle's views (Aristotelian view)
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-geocentricism/earth didn't move
-10 crystal spheres around earth kept perfect by angels -earth had four elements (air, fire, water, earth) -uniform force moved object at constant speed |
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Ptolemy's views (Ptolemaic theory)
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-Geocentricism
-Epicycles -Geocentricism followed perfectly w/ Christians, humans supported the geocentric theory |
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Copernicus' concept of the universe
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-heliocentricism
-crystal spheres/perfect circular motion -earth=just another planet -his views=full of math |
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Ideas of Brahe
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-all planets revolve around sun, then that group revolves around earth
-couldn't make sense of his data -his ideas cast doubt on geocentric theory -Discovered paradox (your view of an unmoving thing adjusts as you move) -discovered something is circular (paradox) for no reason |
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Kepler's ideas
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-earth built on mystical mathematical relationships
-3 laws of planetary motion -demolished systems of ptolemy/aristotle -unusual speeds of planets when circulating -very accurate |
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Ideas of Galileo
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-made experimental method
-made law of inertia -discovered first 4 moons of jupiter -moon has phases>supports Copernicus |
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Newton's ideas
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-put discoveries from other scientists all together
-gravity, orbit, tides, particle attraction, laws of motion -published "Principia" |
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who published teh encylopedia?
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diderot
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who wrote teh Social Contract, what was it?
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Rosseau ( a philosopohe), it was based on general will/popular sovereignty, appealed lots to democrats/nationalists, influenced political theory
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Frederick the Great of Prussia
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-enlightened absolutist
-religious freedom -better education -no torture -reconstructed agriculture/industry -jews were persecuted |
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Catherine the Great of Russia
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-brought w. europe's sophisticated culture to Europe
-limited religious toleration -no torture -improved education -strengthened local gov't -territorial expansion (Poland, Caucasus) |
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Maria Theresa of Austria
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-brought relations between church/state under gov't control
-revamped taxes -strengthened bureaucracy |
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Joseph II of Austria
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-son of Maria Theresa
-controlled Catholic church -religious toleration -abolished serfdom |
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Louis XV of France
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-Restored Parliament
-French nobility got power back -heavy expenses of war (Austrian succession) |
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Voltaire's ideas on religion
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-the author of man is TOTALLY amazing
-men need to help eachother out -believed nature to be God, and thus nature needed to be respected |
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new agricultural system
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-crop rotation
-swamps/unavailable land now open for agriculture >produced more food, fed more animals -Jethro Tull used horses for plowing and used drilling equipment to sow seeds |
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Open-field system
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-not privately fenced gardens
-peasants in a township all worked land together -more land gained for peasants in french revolution |
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who discovered turnips and clovers?
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Viscount Charles Townsend
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Jethro Tull
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-empirical research
-used horses (fast) instead of oxen(slow) -sowed seeds w/ drilling equipment -selective breeding |
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bad results of enclosure movement
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-division of common ppl
-costs divided among landowners -poor peasants couldn't pay -inde. peasant farmers disappeared -cottagers lost to common pasture |
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what were the causes of the 18th century new population pattern? (growth in population)
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-disappearance of bubonic plague
-cleaner water/drains/sewage as promoted by absolutists -famine was eliminated |
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consequences of battle of quebec
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-France lost all possessions on mainland n. america
-canada/french territory east of mississippi went to britain -Louisiana given to Spain from France -Britain got France's holdings on India |
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5 great powers dominating european affairs
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england
france prussia russia austrain (Habsburg) empire |
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political system of great britian
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parliamentary monarchy
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political system of france
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absolute monarchy
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political system of prussia
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enlightened absolutism
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political system of russia
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enlightened absolutism
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political system of austria
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enlightened absolutism
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