Ap Euro Unit 3

Front 1

Spanish Armada

Back 1

(1588)

A fleet of Spanish ships that attempted to invade Engalnd and end Protestantism. They were defeated by the English, leading to the decline of the Spanish Golden Age and England establishing itself as a naval power.

Front 2

Bills of Exchange

Back 2

(1700s)

A substitute to currency used by British manufacturers, West Indian planters, and American Merchants. They were used to settle trades.

Front 3

Dutch East India Company

Back 3

(1602-1799)

Founded by the Dutch to establish a trade route directly with Asia. It originally drove out the English and had dominance over the region, but it went bankrupt and was bought out by the British.

Front 4

Price Revolution

Back 4

(1400s-1600s)

Events in this period led to high inflation in Western Europe. Gold and Silver from the New World drove up prices in Spain and the rest of Europe.

Front 5

Isabella of Castile

Back 5

(1454-1504)

Queen of Castile and married to Ferdinand II of Aragon. They completed the Reconquista, the Spanish Inquisition, and supported Christopher Columbus's voyage to the New World.

Front 6

Ferdinand of Aragon

Back 6

(1452-1516)

Married to Isabella of Castile. Along with her, he completed the Reconquista, the Spanish Inquisition, and supported Christopher Columbus's voyage to the New World.

Front 7

Hernan Cortes

Back 7

(1485-1547)

Spanish Conquistador. He led the Spanish expedition to topple the Aztec Empire and brought most of Mexico under Spanish rule.

Front 8

Potosi

Back 8

(1545, Peru)

A city in Peru during Spanish rule. Large deposits of silver were discovered here and used to fund the Spanish Empire's campaign against Protestantism.

Front 9

Philip II

Back 9

(1527-1598)

The Absolute Monarch King of Spain from 1556-1598. He led the Counter Reformations and attempted to invade England with the Spanish Armada.

Front 10

Escorial (Palace)

Back 10

A monastery and royal palace built in Spain by Philip II.

Front 11

Battle of Lepanto

Back 11

(1571)

A battle between the Holy League, an alliance of Catholic maritime states led by Spain and assembled by Pope Pius V, and the Ottoman Empire. The Holy League won, preventing the Ottomans from expanding into the Mediterranean and leading to declined naval power for the Ottomans.

Front 12

Henry VIII

Back 12

(1491-1547)

King of England from 1509-1547. He wanted to divorce his wife, leading to a conflict with the Pope. The dispute led England to Protestantism and establish the Church of England in 1532.

Front 13

Elizabeth I

Back 13

(1533-1603)

Queen of England from 1558-1603. She supported Protestantism against her half sister, Mary. During the Elizabethan era, England was a world power in exploration and drama flourished, led by people like Shakespeare.

Front 14

Book of Common Prayer

Back 14

(1549)

Religious book imposed on all churches in England. It established moderate Protestantism in England.

Front 15

Puritanism

Back 15

(1500s-1600s)

A group of English Protestants who believed the Church of England wasn't reformed enough. They wanted their own worship, became persecuted, and eventually moved to America.

Front 16

Enclosure Movement

Back 16

(1700s)

Separated farmland in England between farmers became consolidated into one large farm that became private property. Helped lead to the Industrial Revolution.

Front 17

Sir Thomas Gresham

Back 17

(1519-1579)

English merchant for King Edward VI, Queen Mary I, and Queen Elizabeth I. He was influential in establishing English monopolies and advocated the exploration of the Americas.

Front 18

Poor Laws

Back 18

(1600s)

A law in England that made abandoned children and vagrants into indentured servants.

Front 19

William Shakespeare

Back 19

(1564-1616)

English poet and playwright. He is consdered one of the greatest writers ever.

Front 20

Dutch Revolt

Back 20

(1566-1579)

The Protestant regions in the northern Netherlands revolted against the Catholic Spanish rule. Led to the formation of the Dutch Republic.

Front 21

Duke of Alba

Back 21

Lead a Spanish army into the Netherlands on orders from Phillip II of Spain. Made a council in the Netherlands and he was known for inspiring terror. His persecution send many fleeing from the Netherlands for safety

Front 22

Council of Blood

Back 22

Created by the Duke of Alba, Spanish governor of the Netherlands, in 1567. The job of this Council was to try cases of suspected treason committed by Protestant rebels against the Catholic government imposed by Spain.

Front 23

Grandees

Back 23

Dutch and Spanish upper elite nobility. They felt alienated in the Netherlands by Spain and eventually became influential in the Dutch Revolt.

Front 24

Don Quixote

Back 24

(1605)

A Spanish novel by Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra. It is the most influential piece of literature from the Spanish Golden Age.

Front 25

Treaty of Munster

Back 25

(1648)

Recognized the independence of the Netherlands and brought an end to the Eighty Years' War.

Front 26

Sir Thomas Moore

Back 26

(1478-1535)

English philosopher and humanist who rejected the Protestant Reformation. He refused to recognize King Henry VIII as the head of the Church of England and his divorce, and was beheaded for it. He also wrote "Utopia" about his ideal political system.

Front 27

39 articles

Back 27

(1563)

The founding documents of the Church of England. They established moderate Protestantism in England.

Front 28

Act of Supremecy

Back 28

(1534)

Act that recognized King Henry VIII as the head of the Church of England and making the Pope powerless in England.

Front 29

King James I

Back 29

(1566-1625)

King of England, Ireland, and Scotland. His many disputes with the English Parliament was the foundation of the English Civil War.

Front 30

King James II

Back 30

(1633-1701)

Last Catholic ruler of England. He attempted to create religious liberty for Catholics and non-Anglican protestants. His struggle with the English Parliament led to the Bill of Rights.